Abstract

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) is an invasive submersed macrophyte that has infested many waters in North America since its introduction. Eurasian watermilfoil has the ability to alter the structure and function of the ecosystems that it invades. Eurasian watermilfoil was first surveyed in the Clark Fork River, MT in 2008, alongside the native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). Three reservoirs (Cabinet Gorge, Noxon Rapids and Thompson Falls) on the lower Clark Fork River had entire lake surveys conducted using the point intercept method. Morphological data from these surveys showed that only Eurasian watermilfoil and northern watermilfoil were present during the time of the surveys in 2008. The results of the morphological identification were supported by molecular identification at three different laboratories. In 2015, a genetic survey of watermilfoil species was conducted on the Noxon Rapids Reservoir and found that hybrid watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum × sibiricum) was present. This hybridization event poses a number of issues for aquatic plant management. Hybrid watermilfoil is much more difficult to identify morphologically than its parent types. The hybrid is also more invasive and may be differentially susceptible to some herbicides than the parental type Eurasian watermilfoil.

摘要

自引进以来，欧亚水草（Myriophyllum spicatum）是一种浸入水中的大型植物，已侵袭了北美的许多水域。欧亚水母具有改变其入侵的生态系统的结构和功能的能力。欧亚水乳清首先在2008年在蒙大拿州的克拉克福尔克河上与本地的北部水乳清一起进行了调查（Myriophyllum sibiricum）。克拉克福尔克河下游的三个水库（内阁峡谷，诺克逊急流和汤普森瀑布）使用点截距法对整个湖泊进行了勘测。这些调查的形态学数据表明，在2008年的调查期间，仅存在欧亚水母和北部水母。形态鉴定的结果得到了三个不同实验室的分子鉴定的支持。2015年，在Noxon Rapids水库进行了水乳木种的遗传调查，发现杂种水乳木（Myriophyllum spicatum × sibiricum）存在。杂交事件给水生植物管理带来了许多问题。与母本类型相比，杂交水白菜在形态上更难鉴定。杂种也比亲本类型的欧亚水乳木具有更强的侵入性，并且可能对某些除草剂有不同的敏感性。