The present study aimed to investigate whether adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in social cognition and to identify the structural neural correlates of social cognitive skills in ADHD. Twenty-six adult patients with ADHD and 26 matched healthy control participants performed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition and underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan. We compared theory of mind (ToM) performance between ADHD patients and healthy controls. Using voxel-based morphometry, we further compared gray matter volumes in regions that are critical for social cognition between the two groups and examined whether ToM performance was correlated with brain morphometry measures. We did not observe any between-group differences in ToM abilities or regional gray matter volumes. Across both groups, performance on affective aspects of ToM correlated positively with gray matter volumes in the medial part of the superior frontal gyri, which is typically involved in social cognition. This study is the first to relate brain structure to social cognitive abilities in adult patients with ADHD. Although our sample was small and heterogeneous, with half of the patients showing mild-to-moderate psychiatric comorbidities, our results may encourage longitudinal studies that relate social cognitive development in childhood and adolescence to brain maturation of ADHD patients.

中文翻译：

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成人多动症患者未受损的社会认知：脑容量和行为结果

本研究旨在调查患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的成年患者是否表现出社会认知缺陷，并确定 ADHD 中社会认知技能的结构神经相关性。26 名患有 ADHD 的成年患者和 26 名匹配的健康对照参与者进行了社会认知评估电影并接受了结构磁共振成像扫描。我们比较了 ADHD 患者和健康对照之间的心理理论 (ToM) 表现。使用基于体素的形态测量，我们进一步比较了两组之间对社会认知至关重要的区域的灰质体积，并检查了 ToM 表现是否与大脑形态测量相关。我们没有观察到 ToM 能力或区域灰质体积的任何组间差异。在两组中，ToM 情感方面的表现与额上回内侧部分的灰质体积呈正相关，这通常涉及社会认知。这项研究首次将大脑结构与成年 ADHD 患者的社会认知能力联系起来。尽管我们的样本小且异质，一半的患者表现出轻度至中度的精神疾病，但我们的结果可能会鼓励纵向研究，将儿童和青春期的社会认知发展与 ADHD 患者的大脑成熟联系起来。这项研究首次将大脑结构与成年 ADHD 患者的社会认知能力联系起来。尽管我们的样本小且异质，一半的患者表现出轻度至中度的精神疾病，但我们的结果可能会鼓励纵向研究，将儿童和青春期的社会认知发展与 ADHD 患者的大脑成熟联系起来。这项研究首次将大脑结构与成年 ADHD 患者的社会认知能力联系起来。尽管我们的样本小且异质，一半的患者表现出轻度至中度的精神疾病，但我们的结果可能会鼓励纵向研究，将儿童和青春期的社会认知发展与 ADHD 患者的大脑成熟联系起来。