How do invasive species change native biodiversity? One reason why this long-standing question remains challenging to answer could be because the main focus of the invasion literature has been on shifts in species richness (a measure of α-diversity). As the underlying components of community structure—intraspecific aggregation, interspecific density and the species abundance distribution (SAD)—are potentially impacted in different ways during invasion, trends in species richness provide only limited insight into the mechanisms leading to biodiversity change. In addition, these impacts can be manifested in distinct ways at different spatial scales. Here we take advantage of the new Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB) framework to reanalyse data collected in an invasion front in the Brazilian Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. We show that, by using the MoB multi-scale approach, we are able to link reductions in species richness in invaded sites to restructuring in the SAD. This restructuring takes the form of lower evenness in sites invaded by pines relative to sites without pines. Shifts in aggregation also occur. There is a clear signature of spatial scale in biodiversity change linked to the presence of an invasive species. These results demonstrate how the MoB approach can play an important role in helping invasion ecologists, field biologists and conservation managers move towards a more mechanistic approach to detecting and interpreting changes in ecological systems following invasion.

入侵物种如何改变本地生物多样性？这个长期存在的问题仍然难以回答的一个原因可能是因为入侵文献的主要焦点一直是物种丰富度的变化（衡量α多样性）。由于入侵过程中可能以不同的方式影响群落结构的基本组成部分（种内聚集，种间密度和物种丰富度分布（SAD）），物种丰富度的趋势仅对导致生物多样性变化的机制提供了有限的见识。此外，这些影响可以在不同的空间尺度上以不同的方式体现出来。在这里，我们利用新的生物多样性度量（MoB）框架来重新分析在巴西塞拉多生物多样性热点地区的入侵前沿收集的数据。我们证明 通过使用MoB多尺度方法，我们能够将入侵地区物种丰富度的降低与SAD的重组联系起来。相对于没有松树的部位，这种重组采取了在松树侵入的部位较低的均匀度的形式。聚合也会发生变化。与入侵物种的存在有关的生物多样性变化具有明显的空间尺度特征。这些结果证明了MoB方法如何在帮助入侵生态学家，野外生物学家和保护经理朝着更加机械化的方法检测和解释入侵后生态系统变化的过程中发挥重要作用。相对于没有松树的部位，这种重组采取了在松树侵入的部位较低的均匀度的形式。聚合也会发生变化。与入侵物种的存在有关的生物多样性变化具有明显的空间尺度特征。这些结果证明了MoB方法如何在帮助入侵生态学家，野外生物学家和保护经理朝着更加机械化的方法检测和解释入侵后生态系统变化的过程中发挥重要作用。相对于没有松树的部位，这种重组采取了在松树侵入的部位较低的均匀度的形式。聚合也会发生变化。与入侵物种的存在有关的生物多样性变化具有明显的空间尺度特征。这些结果表明，MoB方法如何在帮助入侵生态学家，野外生物学家和保护经理朝着更具机械性的方法检测和解释入侵后的生态系统变化方面发挥重要作用。