Interactive Narrative is an emerging application of automated planning, in which a planning domain is used to generate a consistent chain of narrative actions that constitute a plot structure. The task of creating narrative planning domains has been identified as a bottleneck which is hampering further development of the field. This stems from the difficulties faced by humans authoring such planning domains due to the need to provide the range of alternative content, such as actions, which are required to support the important properties of diversity and robustness. Narrative planning domains must be capable of generating diverse sets of narratives to ensure system replayability, and they must also be able to respond robustly in the face of narrative execution failure due to user interaction. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to the development of narrative planning domains based on the automatic expansion of a baseline planning domain through application of principled operations applied to both operators and predicates. We overview two such operations in this paper. The first of these, anton for antonymic operators, is based on the generation of contrary operators that can be invoked in the face of action failure, and whose structure is derived from a model of state transitions triggered by the original operator. Since the intention is for additional operators to be incorporated to the baseline, human-authored, domain model, the generated contents should be human-readable. This is achieved by using combined linguistic resources to access antonyms of predicates occurring inside operators, and parsing them from and into hyphenated units. The second operation, part of the same approach, referred to as thype, generates variants of operators by exploring type hierarchies for the main concepts associated with individual operators; the resulting concepts being fully integrated into a new operator’s structure. Our evaluation procedures are directly derived from the target properties of narrative planning domains, which are diversity and robustness, the former being measured through plot diversity and the latter, plot continuation following planned action execution failure. We used published narrative domains as datasets for these evaluations. Results demonstrated strong generative ability, and even more significant plan completion following action failure. Moreover, our evaluation demonstrates the synergic nature of anton and thype when applied simultaneously. Future work will focus on improving the integration of anton and thype operations through better balance between linguistic and conceptual hierarchies.

交互式叙事是自动计划的新兴应用，其中计划域用于生成构成情节结构的一致叙事动作链。创建叙事计划域的任务已被确认为瓶颈，阻碍了该领域的进一步发展。这源于人类编写此类规划领域所面临的困难，因为他们需要提供一系列替代内容，例如为支持多样性和鲁棒性的重要属性而需要采取的行动。叙事计划域必须能够生成各种叙事集，以确保系统的可重播性，并且还必须能够在由于用户交互而导致叙事执行失败的情况下做出有力的响应。在本文中，我们通过应用适用于操作员和谓词的有原则操作，根据基线计划域的自动扩展，介绍了一种叙事性计划域的开发新方法。我们在本文中概述了两个这样的操作。首先，安东为安东ymic运营商，是基于在行动失败，其结构是由原始的操作触发状态转换模型得出的脸被调用相反运营商的产生。由于打算将其他运算符合并到基线，人工创建的域模型中，因此生成的内容应该是人类可读的。这是通过使用组合的语言资源访问运算符内部出现的谓词的反义词并将它们从连字符单位中解析出来而实现的。第二种操作，是相同方法的一部分，称为thype通过探索与各个运算符相关的主要概念的类型层次结构，生成运算符的变体；由此产生的概念已完全集成到新的运营商结构中。我们的评估程序直接来自叙述性计划领域的目标属性，即多样性和鲁棒性，前者通过情节多样性来衡量，而后者通过计划动作执行失败后的情节延续来衡量。我们使用已发布的叙事领域作为这些评估的数据集。结果显示出强大的生成能力，并且在行动失败后，甚至更重要的计划完成。此外，我们的评估证明的协同性质安东和thype同时使用时。今后的工作将重点放在提高整合安东和thype通过语言和概念的层次结构之间更好的平衡操作。