The bioaccumulation of trace elements (TEs) in crops consumed by humans can reduce food production as a consequence of photosynthetic damage in plants and cause several diseases in humans. Liming is a soil management strategy designed to alleviate soil acidity and mitigating these problems by reducing the TE bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the effect of liming on photosynthesis, growth, and bioaccumulation of barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), or zinc (Zn) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in a sandy Entisol. The crops were grown in either uncontaminated or contaminated Entisol, at two base saturation (BS%) ratios: 30% for all crops or 50% for rice and 70% for lettuce, sunflower, and tomato. The photosynthesis-related parameters varied depending on the metal and the crop, but in general, increasing BS% did not attenuate photosynthetic damage induced by Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the crops. There was no strong correlation between the photosynthetic parameters and biomass production, which indicates that the suppression of biomass induced by Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, or Zn is related to other metabolic disorders in addition to the impairment of CO₂ assimilation or chlorophyll synthesis in the crops assayed, with the exception of Ni and Zn in lettuce. In conclusion, increasing BS% was not consistent in reducing Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn accumulation in the edible parts of lettuce, rice, sunflower, and tomato grown in the sandy soil, which is probably related to the low capacity of this soil to control TE bioavailability.

人类食用的农作物中微量元素（TE）的生物积累会因植物光合作用受损而减少粮食产量，并导致人类多种疾病。石灰是一种土壤管理策略，旨在缓解土壤酸度并通过降低 TE 生物利用度来缓解这些问题。在这项研究中，我们评估了撒石灰对生菜（ Lactuca sativa L. )、水稻 ( Oryza sativa L.)、向日葵 ( Helianthus annuus L.) 和番茄 ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) 生长在沙质环境土壤中。这些作物在未受污染或受污染的 Entisol 中以两种基本饱和度 (BS%) 比例生长：所有作物为 30%，水稻为 50%，生菜、向日葵和番茄为 70%。光合作用相关参数因金属和作物而异，但一般来说，增加 BS% 并不能减轻 Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni 和 Zn 对作物造成的光合作用损伤。光合参数与生物量生产之间没有很强的相关性，这表明Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni或Zn引起的生物量抑制除了与CO ₂同化或叶绿素合成受损外，还与其他代谢紊乱有关所检测的作物中，除了生菜中的镍和锌。综上所述，提高BS%对降低沙质土壤生菜、水稻、向日葵、番茄可食部分Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn积累的效果并不一致，这可能与沙质土壤的生菜、水稻、向日葵、番茄可食部分Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn积累不一致有关。这种土壤可以控制 TE 的生物利用度。