Objective

To present an update of birth cohort study designs and their contributions to allergic risk.

Data Sources

The PubMed database was used to search for relevant articles.

Study Selections

Peer-reviewed prospective and retrospective studies involving the assessment of allergy using human birth cohorts between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated.

Results

Parental history of allergic diseases, especially in cases involving both parents, is associated with increased risk of allergy. Exposure to prenatal and postnatal smoking and limited diet diversity were associated with increased allergic burden. The impact of early-life infections and antibiotics on disease development may be associated with the onset of asthma, though this remains debated. Cohort studies also revealed that the mode of delivery and breastfeeding duration affect the odds ratio of asthma and eczema development. Household exposures, including pets, house dust mites, and scented aeroallergens may confer protective effects, whereas high air pollution exposure and low socioeconomic status may be risk enhancing. Exposure to antibiotics during early life may be associated with increased asthma risk, whereas viral infections may lead to disease protection, though the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on allergic risk is yet to be understood.

Conclusion

Although evaluating the risk of allergic disease development is complex, clinicians can apply these insights on the multifactorial nature of atopy to better understand and potentially mitigate disease development.

中文翻译：

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从出生队列研究中洞察过敏风险因素

客观的

介绍出生队列研究设计的更新及其对过敏风险的贡献。

数据源

PubMed 数据库用于搜索相关文章。

研究选择

评估了同行评审的前瞻性和回顾性研究，这些研究涉及使用 2014 年至 2021 年间的人类出生队列评估过敏症。

结果

过敏性疾病的父母史，特别是在涉及父母双方的情况下，与过敏风险增加有关。暴露于产前和产后吸烟和有限的饮食多样性与过敏负担增加有关。生命早期感染和抗生素对疾病发展的影响可能与哮喘的发作有关，尽管这仍有争议。队列研究还表明，分娩方式和母乳喂养持续时间会影响哮喘和湿疹发生的几率。家庭暴露，包括宠物、屋尘螨和有气味的空气过敏原可能会带来保护作用，而高空气污染暴露和低社会经济地位可能会增加风险。早年接触抗生素可能与哮喘风险增加有关，

结论

尽管评估过敏性疾病发展的风险很复杂，但临床医生可以将这些见解应用于特应性的多因素性质，以更好地了解并可能减轻疾病的发展。