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Simultaneous Development of Multiple Auroral Substorms: Double Auroral Bulge Formation
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028883
S. Ohtani 1 , J. W. Gjerloev 1, 2 , K. A. McWilliams 3 , J. M. Ruohoniemi 4 , H. U. Frey 5
Affiliation  

The expansion phase of auroral substorms is characterized by the formation of an auroral bulge, and it is generally considered that a single bulge forms following each substorm onset or intensification. However, we find that occasionally two auroral intensifications takes place close in time leading to the formation of double auroral bulges, although they later merge into one large bulge. We report three such events. In those events the westward auroral electrojet intensified in each auroral bulge, and geosynchronous magnetic field dipolarized in the same sector. It appears that two substorms took place simultaneously, and each substorm was accompanied by the formation of its own substorm current wedge (SCW) system. This finding strongly suggests that the initiation of auroral substorms is a local process, and there is no global reference frame for their development. For example, ideas such as (i) substorm onsets take place in the vicinity of the Harang reversal, and (ii) the westward traveling surge is mapped to the interface between the plasma sheet and low‐latitude boundary layer, do not necessarily hold for every substorm, and even if those ideas may be suggestive of causal magnetospheric processes, the reference structures themselves are not essential. It is also found that despite the formation of two distinct auroral bulges, the overall magnetosphere‐ionosphere current system is represented by one globally coherent system, and we suggest that its structure is determined by the relative intensities and locations of the two SCWs that correspond to the individual auroral bulges.

中文翻译:

多个极光亚暴的同时发展:双极光凸起形成

极光亚暴的扩展阶段以极光凸起的形成为特征,通常认为在每次亚暴爆发或加剧后都会形成单个凸起。但是,我们发现偶尔会有两次极光加速发生在时间上,从而导致双极光凸起的形成,尽管它们后来合并为一个大凸起。我们报告了三起此类事件。在那些事件中,向西的极光电喷在每个极光隆起中都增强了,并且地球同步磁场在相同的区域中被极化了。看来是同时发生了两次亚暴,并且每次亚暴都伴随着它自己的亚暴流楔形(SCW)系统的形成。这一发现强烈表明,极光亚暴的发生是一个局部过程,他们的发展没有全球参考框架。例如,诸如(i)次暴风雨发生在哈朗逆转附近,以及(ii)向西行进的涌浪被映射到等离子板和低纬度边界层之间的界面等想法,不一定适用于每次子风暴,即使这些想法可能暗示了磁层的因果关系,参考结构本身也不是必不可少的。我们还发现,尽管形成了两个不同的极光凸起,但整个磁层-电离层电流系统还是由一个整体相干的系统表示,我们建议其结构由与之相对应的两个SCW的相对强度和位置所决定。各个极光凸起。(i)次暴风雨发生在哈朗逆转附近,(ii)向西传播的浪潮映射到等离子层和低纬度边界层之间的界面,这些想法不一定适用于每个次暴风雨,即使这些想法暗示了磁层的因果过程,参考结构本身也不是必不可少的。我们还发现,尽管形成了两个不同的极光凸起,但整个磁层-电离层电流系统还是由一个全局相干系统表示的,我们建议其结构是由对应于两个SCW的相对强度和位置确定的各个极光凸起。(i)次暴风雨发生在哈朗逆转附近,(ii)向西传播的浪潮映射到等离子层和低纬度边界层之间的界面,这些想法不一定适用于每个次暴风雨,即使这些想法暗示了磁层的因果过程,参考结构本身也不是必不可少的。我们还发现,尽管形成了两个不同的极光凸起,但整个磁层-电离层电流系统还是由一个全局相干系统表示的,我们建议其结构是由对应于两个SCW的相对强度和位置确定的各个极光凸起。(ii)向西行进的浪涌被映射到等离子板和低纬度边界层之间的界面,不一定适用于每一次亚暴,即使这些想法可能暗示了磁层的因果关系,参考结构本身也是不是必需的。我们还发现,尽管形成了两个不同的极光凸起,但整个磁层-电离层电流系统还是由一个整体相干的系统表示,我们建议其结构由与之相对应的两个SCW的相对强度和位置所决定。各个极光凸起。(ii)向西行进的浪涌被映射到等离子板和低纬度边界层之间的界面,不一定适用于每一次亚暴,即使这些想法可能暗示了磁层的因果关系,参考结构本身也是不是必需的。我们还发现,尽管形成了两个不同的极光凸起,但整个磁层-电离层电流系统还是由一个全局相干系统表示的,我们建议其结构是由对应于两个SCW的相对强度和位置确定的各个极光凸起。
更新日期:2021-05-07
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