Objective:

Examine the place-based correlates of robbery activity displaced by a foot-patrol intervention in Newark, NJ. We use constructs from Crime Pattern and Social Disorganization theories to test hypotheses concerned with associations between the structure of the environment and the displacement of crime.

Method:

Robbery incidents were spatially joined to street segments to study micro-level displacement processes. Predictor variables were operationalized using data from the Newark Police Department and Infogroup USA. Generalized Linear models tested associations between the characteristics of street segments and displaced robbery in the target area as compared to a control.

Results:

Environmental structure is important to understanding the settings of displacement, though this varied between spatial and temporal displacement. Relationships between displaced crime activity and model covariates did not always appear in expected directions. For example, bus stops predicted increased spatial displacement while corner stores predicted decreased levels of temporal displacement.

Conclusions:

While testing for displacement has become commonplace in place-based policing interventions, less attention has been paid to the micro-level factors that may facilitate the displacement of crime events. Both bus stops and corner stores show consistent associations with displaced crime activity, but the directions of these relationships suggest more complex processes requiring further examination.

中文翻译：

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犯罪转移到何处？分析基于场所的警务干预所取代的抢劫事件的空间相关性

客观的：

检查在新泽西州纽瓦克的一次步行巡逻干预所取代的抢劫活动与地点的相关性。我们使用犯罪模式和社会无组织理论的构造来检验与环境结构和犯罪流离失所之间的关联有关的假设。

方法：

抢劫事件在空间上与街道段相连，以研究微观位移过程。预测变量使用来自纽瓦克警察局和美国信息集团的数据进行运算。与对照相比，广义线性模型测试了目标地区街道段特征与抢劫行为之间的关联。

结果：

环境结构对于理解位移的设置很重要，尽管这在空间和时间位移之间会有所不同。流离失所的犯罪活动与模型协变量之间的关系并不总是在预期的方向上出现。例如，公交车站预计空间位移增加，而转弯处预测时间位移水平下降。

结论：

尽管对流离失所的测试在基于地方的治安措施中已变得司空见惯，但对可能促进犯罪事件流离失所的微观因素的关注却较少。公共汽车站和拐角处都显示出与流离失所的犯罪活动的一致关联，但是这些关系的方向表明，需要进行进一步检查的更复杂的过程。