Renewable energies are being given increasing attention worldwide, as they are able to reduce the dependence on depletable fossil fuels. At the same time, wastewater treatment is known to be a significantly energy-intensive sector, which could potentially exploit renewable energies conversion in different forms. This study investigated the feasibility to design high renewable share wastewater treatment plants through dynamic simulations and optimization, aiming to move towards greener and energy-wise wastewater remediation processes. The main aim of the work was achieved by integrating photovoltaic systems with wind turbines, multi-energy storage technologies, i.e., batteries and hydrogen systems, and reverse osmosis tertiary treatment to absorb the power production surpluses. It was supposed that, in the newly proposed scenario, most of the plant electricity need would be covered by renewable energy. The optimization problem was multi-objective and found the trade-off solutions between minimizing the net present cost and maximizing the renewable share. In the first part of the study, the model was developed and applied to a medium-scale Italian municipal wastewater treatment plant. Model generalization was successively accomplished by applying the model to different locations and plant scales across the world. For all the investigated scenarios and cases, the optimal system integration was to design a renewable and storage system with a renewable share of 70%, corresponding to the lowest net present cost. The developed model is highly flexible and can be applied to other relevant case studies, boosting for a more sustainable wastewater treatment sector, enhancing at the same time local renewable energy conversion.

可再生能源在世界范围内受到越来越多的关注，因为它们能够减少对消耗性化石燃料的依赖。同时，废水处理是一个非常耗能的领域，可能潜在地利用可再生能源以不同形式转化。这项研究通过动态仿真和优化研究了设计高可再生份额废水处理厂的可行性，旨在朝着更环保，更节能的方向进行废水治理。这项工作的主要目的是通过将光伏系统与风力涡轮机，多能量存储技术（即电池和氢气系统）以及反渗透三次处理相结合以吸收电力生产剩余来实现的。据认为，在新提出的方案中，工厂的大部分电力需求将由可再生能源来满足。优化问题是多目标的，并找到了在最小化当前净成本和最大化可再生能源份额之间的权衡解决方案。在研究的第一部分中，开发了该模型并将其应用于意大利中等规模的市政污水处理厂。通过将模型应用于世界各地的不同地点和工厂规模，成功地完成了模型概括。对于所有调查的场景和案例，最佳的系统集成是设计一个可再生和存储系统，其中可再生份额为70％，这对应于最低的净现值。开发的模型具有很高的灵活性，可以应用于其他相关案例研究，从而促进废水处理行业的可持续发展，