Background: Cannabis is one of the most used drugs worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Motivational interviewing (MI) has shown efficacy in some substance use disorders. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of MI in CUD. Methods: Randomized controlled trials or open-label studies published until September 2019 from 3 different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were included, following the PRISMA guidelines and a predetermined set of criteria for article selection. Meta-analyses were conducted. The end point was determined as month 3, and 4 outcomes were analysed (abstinence rates, reduction in frequency of use, reduction in quantity of use, and reduction in cannabis use disorder symptoms) in 2 populations (adolescents and adults). Results: Forty studies were identified, of which 24 were performed in adults and 16 in adolescents. MI showed efficacy in achieving abstinence in both adults (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40–6.16, p #x3c; 0.0001) and adolescents (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.42–2.89, p #x3c; 0.0001). MI showed efficacy in reducing frequency and quantity of use in adults but not in adolescents. Those adults who were in the MI group consumed less joints per day than those in the control group (mean difference = −0.69 joints per day, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.53, p #x3c; 0.001), and they consumed on less days per month (mean difference = −3.9 days per month, 95% CI −7.47 to −0.34, p = 0.0317) than those in the control group. Conclusions: MI is an effective intervention to reduce cannabis use and achieve abstinence, especially among adults and patients with no prior history of psychotic disorder. Further investigation is needed to assess the effect on CUD symptoms. MI should be included in guidelines for treating cannabis use disorder as one of the essential psychological interventions.
Eur Addict Res

中文翻译：

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大麻使用障碍的动机访谈：系统评价和荟萃分析

背景：大麻是全球最常用的药物之一。没有治疗大麻使用障碍 (CUD) 的金标准。动机访谈 (MI) 已显示出对某些物质使用障碍的疗效。因此，进行了系统评价以评估 MI 在 CUD 中的有效性。方法：根据 PRISMA 指南和预先确定的一组文章选择标准，纳入了截至 2019 年 9 月从 3 个不同数据库（Pubmed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO）发表的随机对照试验或开放标签研究。进行了荟萃分析。终点确定为第 3 个月，并分析了 2 个人群（青少年和成人）的 4 个结果（戒断率、使用频率的减少、使用量的减少和大麻使用障碍症状的减少）。结果：确定了 40 项研究，其中 24 项在成人中进行，16 项在青少年中进行。MI 显示出在两个成年人中实现禁欲的有效性（优势比 [OR] = 3.84，95% 置信区间 [CI] 2.40–6.16，p#x3c; 0.0001) 和青少年 (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.42–2.89, p #x3c; 0.0001)。MI 显示出减少成人使用频率和数量的效果，但在青少年中无效。与对照组相比，MI 组的成年人每天消耗的关节少（平均差异 = -0.69 关节每天，95% CI -0.84 至 -0.53，p #x3c；0.001），并且他们消耗的关节更少与对照组相比，每月天数（平均差异 = 每月 -3.9 天，95% CI -7.47 至 -0.34，p = 0.0317）。结论：MI 是减少大麻使用和实现戒烟的有效干预措施，尤其是在成人和没有精神病史的患者中。需要进一步调查以评估对 CUD 症状的影响。MI 应包含在治疗大麻使用障碍的指南中，作为基本的心理干预措施之一。
欧洲瘾君子研究