In the internal stability design of reinforced soil structures, the existing design provisions consider only axial pullout of the reinforcement. However, the kinematics of deformation clearly shows the reinforcement to be subjected to an oblique pull along the failure surface. The overall response due to oblique pull of reinforcement can be considered as cumulative individual responses of axial and transverse components of oblique pull. In the present work, the transverse pullout responses of four geogrids embedded in pond ash under three different normal stresses were studied. Geogrids considered varied in geometric and mechanical properties of the grids to study the effects of their tensile stiffnesses/strengths and opening sizes on transverse pull-displacement response. Based on extensive laboratory testing, transverse pullout resistance factors ($F_t^{\ast }$) were proposed; additionally, empirical equations were proposed to estimate the transverse pullout resistances of geogrids in pond ash. $F_t^{\ast }$ of the four geogrids in pond ash ranged between 0.08-0.31 and 0.21–0.99 at front-end transverse pullout displacements of 20 mm and 35 mm, respectively. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters significantly influencing the transverse pullout resistance of geogrids. The effect of grid opening size on transverse pull of geogrid was observed to be minimal; while the tensile strength showed a significant effect.

在加筋土结构的内部稳定性设计中，现有的设计规定只考虑加筋的轴向拉拔。然而，变形运动学清楚地表明，钢筋会受到沿破坏面的斜拉力。由于钢筋斜拉引起的整体响应可以被认为是斜拉轴向和横向分量的累积个体响应。在目前的工作中，研究了在三种不同法向应力下嵌入池灰中的四个土工格栅的横向拉拔响应。土工格栅考虑了格栅的几何和机械性能的不同，以研究其拉伸刚度/强度和开口尺寸对横向拉位移响应的影响。基于广泛的实验室测试，$F_{吨}^{＊}$)被提议；此外，还提出了经验方程来估计土工格栅在池塘灰中的横向拉拔阻力。$F_{吨}^{＊}$在 20 毫米和 35 毫米的前端横向拉拔位移分别为 0.08-0.31 和 0.21-0.99 之间的池塘灰中的四个土工格栅。最后，通过敏感性分析确定了显着影响土工格栅横向抗拔力的参数。观察到网格开口尺寸对土工格栅横向拉力的影响最小；而拉伸强度则表现出显着的效果。