Invasion by non-native species is a consequence of previous anthropogenic disturbance that can be expected to differ between land-use histories with contrasting impacts on the physical and biotic environment. Mining, agriculture, and logging all alter environmental character in different ways through their different effects on soils and surrounding vegetation. We used second-growth forests with histories of mining, agriculture, logging, and older forest (>120 years) with no recent disturbance history to test the hypotheses that invasion is driven by 1) lasting environmental impacts of land use or 2) colonization following niche opening due to disturbance. We sampled shrub cover, environmental variables, and soils in forests with histories of mining, agriculture, logging, and older second-growth with no recent history of land use in four 10-meter² plots per site. Our analysis focused on the two most common non-native shrubs, Berberis thunbergii and Rosa multiflora. Cover of B. thunbergii was marginally significantly higher in post-agricultural and mined forests than logged sites or older second growth, whereas R. multiflora was most frequent in mined sites. Both species showed a significant relationship with environmental variables such as soil pH, water-holding capacity, and elevation. Soil texture differed with land-use history: post-agricultural sites were significantly higher in silt and clay, and lower in sand, than the mined, logged, or old forest sites, reflecting the interaction of land-use history with landform. Most environmental variables did not differ between land-use histories. Non-native shrubs were associated with land-use histories involving soil disturbance despite the lack of lasting contrasts in most soil variables, indicating that invasion primarily reflects past opportunities for colonization and environmental gradients that are not impacted by land use. We conclude that the presence of non-native shrubs is a biotic legacy of past disturbance that outlasts altered environmental conditions that may be present at the time of abandonment.

非本地物种的入侵是先前人为干扰的结果，可以预期这在土地使用历史之间会有所不同，而对自然和生物环境的影响则相反。采矿，农业和伐木业通过对土壤和周围植被的不同影响，以不同方式改变环境特征。我们使用具有采矿，农业，伐木和较旧森林（> 120年）历史且没有近期扰动历史的次生林来检验以下假设：入侵是由以下因素驱动的：1）土地使用对环境的持久影响或2）殖民之后由于干扰而打开利基市场。我们对森林中的灌木覆盖，环境变量和土壤进行了采样，这些历史具有采矿，农业，伐木和较旧的次生历史，而最近没有在四个10米范围内使用土地的历史每个站点^2个地块。我们的分析着眼于两种最常见的非本地灌木，小Ber（Berberis thunbergii）和蔷薇（Rosa multiflora）。在农业后的和采伐的森林中，雷氏芽孢杆菌的覆盖率比伐木场或较老的第二生长区的覆盖率略高，而何花R. multiflora在矿山中是最频繁的 两种物种都与环境变量（例如土壤pH值，持水量和海拔）显着相关。土壤质地随土地利用历史的不同而不同：与采伐，砍伐或旧有的森林相比，后农业用地的淤泥和粘土含量显着较高，而沙土含量则较低，这反映了土地利用历史与地貌的相互作用。在土地使用历史之间，大多数环境变量没有差异。尽管大多数土壤变量缺乏持久的对比，但非原生灌木与涉及土壤扰动的土地利用历史相关联，这表明入侵主要反映了过去的定居机会和不受土地利用影响的环境梯度。