Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the transitional state to AD dementia (ADD) and other types of dementia, whose symptoms are accompanied by altered eye movement. In this work, we reviewed the existing literature and conducted a meta-analysis to extract relevant eye movement parameters that are significantly altered owing to ADD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review of 35 eligible original publications in saccade paradigms and a meta-analysis of 27 articles with specified task conditions, which used mainly gap and overlap conditions in both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms. The meta-analysis revealed that prosaccade and antisaccade latencies and frequency of antisaccade errors showed significant alterations for both MCI and ADD. First, both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms differentiated patients with ADD and MCI from controls, however, antisaccade paradigms was more effective than prosaccade paradigms in distinguishing patients from controls. Second, during prosaccade in the gap and overlap conditions, patients with ADD had significantly longer latencies than patients with MCI, and the trend was similar during antisaccade in the gap condition as patients with ADD had significantly more errors than patients with MCI. The anti-effect magnitude was similar between controls and patients, and the magnitude of the latency of the gap effect varied among healthy controls and MCI and ADD subjects, but the effect size of the latency remained large in both patients. These findings suggest that, using gap effect, anti-effect, and specific choices of saccade paradigms and conditions, distinctions could be made between MCI and ADD patients as well as between patients and controls.

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是痴呆的主要原因，轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 被认为是 AD 痴呆 (ADD) 和其他类型痴呆的过渡状态，其症状伴有眼球运动改变。在这项工作中，我们回顾了现有文献并进行了荟萃分析，以提取由于ADD和MCI而显着改变的相关眼动参数。我们对 35 篇符合条件的眼跳范式原始出版物进行了系统回顾，并对 27 篇具有特定任务条件的文章进行了荟萃分析，其中主要使用了前眼跳范式和反眼跳范式中的间隙和重叠条件。荟萃分析显示，MCI 和 ADD 的前眼跳和反眼跳延迟以及反眼跳错误频率均显示出显着变化。首先，前眼跳范式和反眼跳范式均可将 ADD 和 MCI 患者与对照组区分开来，然而，反眼跳范式在区分患者与对照组方面比前眼跳范式更有效。其次，在间隙和重叠条件下的前眼跳期间，ADD 患者的潜伏期明显长于 MCI 患者，并且间隙条件下的反眼跳期间的趋势相似，因为 ADD 患者的错误明显多于 MCI 患者。对照组和患者之间的抗效应程度相似，健康对照者以及 MCI 和 ADD 受试者之间的间隙效应潜伏期效应大小有所不同，但两名患者的潜伏期效应大小仍然很大。这些发现表明，利用间隙效应、反效应以及眼跳范式和条件的特定选择，可以区分 MCI 和 ADD 患者以及患者和对照组。