A new species of congrid eel, Ariosoma melanospilos sp. nov., is described from two specimens collected as bycatch landings of deep-sea trawlers at Colachel fish landing centre, off Kanyakumari, the southwest coast of India. The new species is distinguishable from all the known congeners in having two spots on both sides of the mid-dorsal temporal region (vs. absent in all congeners) and a wide interbranchial width of 25.0–30.3% head length. The new species resembles Ariosoma meeki (Jordan & Snyder, 1900) in possessing the unique character of two dark patches at the posterior margin of the eye but can be readily distinguished by the presence of a fifth supraorbital pore and three pores as ascending branch of the infraorbital canal behind the eye, three supratemporal pores (vs. absent in A. meeki) and four black spots on the temporal region. Genetic analysis reveals that the new species is closely related to Ariosoma anale (Poey, 1860) and A. meeki forming a clade with a genetic distance of 20.5% and 19.6%, respectively. We also report Ariosoma dolichopterum Karmovskaya, 2015, for the first time from Indian waters with meristic and morphological characters.

鳗gri的新种，Ariosoma melanospilos sp.。nov。，是从印度西南海岸Kanyakumari附近Colachel鱼登陆中心的深海拖网渔船兼捕登陆中收集到的两个标本中描述的。该新物种与所有已知同类动物的区别在于，在背中颞部区域的两侧都有两个斑点（相对于所有同类动物都没有），并且其分支间的头部宽度很宽，为25.0–30.3％。新物种类似于Ariosoma meeki（Jordan＆Snyder，1900），其在眼后缘具有两个深色斑块的独特特征，但可以通过存在第五个眶上孔和作为眼后眶下管的升支的三个孔来容易地区分，三个颞上孔（相对于A. meeki不存在）和颞区上的四个黑点。遗传分析表明，新物种与Ariosoma anale（Poey，1860）和A. meeki密切相关，形成进化枝，遗传距离分别为20.5％和19.6％。我们还首次报道了印度水域的Ariosoma dolichopterum Karmovskaya，2015年，具有特征和形态特征。