To evaluate the effects of straw mulching and tillage on the soil water, soil temperature, and water use efficiency of maize ( Zea mays L.), five straw mulching and tillage treatments were established: conventional tillage with no straw mulching (CK), conventional tillage with 1.0-fold straw mulching (CM1), no-tillage with 0.5-fold straw mulching (NM0.5), no-tillage with 1.0-fold straw mulching (NM1), and no-tillage with 1.5-fold straw mulching (NM1.5). Except for the soil water content in the 40 to 60 cm soil layer at the V3 stage, straw mulching improved the soil water content, had different effects on the soil temperature at different soil depths, and improved the water use efficiency by 7.24%. As the straw mulching quantity increased, the soil water content and water use efficiency increased, and soil temperature in the different soil layers and growth stages presented different trends. In addition to the soil water content at the V6 growth stage, no-tillage improved the soil water content, soil temperature, and water use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Overall, NM1.5 had the best soil water conservation and temperature increasing effects, significantly improved the water use efficiency, and was the most appropriate straw mulching and tillage measure in the research area.

中文翻译：

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黑土区不同秸秆覆盖耕作措施下土壤水温特征。

为了评估秸秆覆盖和耕作对玉米（Zea mays L.）的土壤水分，土壤温度和水分利用效率的影响，建立了五种秸秆覆盖和耕作的处理方法：无秸秆覆盖的常规耕作（CK），常规秸秆覆盖1.0倍的耕作（CM1），秸秆覆盖0.5倍的免耕（NM0.5），秸秆覆盖1.0倍的免耕（NM1）和秸秆覆盖1.5倍的免耕（ NM1.5）。除了在V3阶段40至60 cm土层中的土壤含水量外，秸秆覆盖还改善了土壤含水量，在不同土层深度对土壤温度产生了不同的影响，使水分利用效率提高了7.24％。随着秸秆覆盖量的增加，土壤含水量和水分利用效率也随之增加，不同土层和生长期的土壤温度呈现不同的变化趋势。与常规耕作相比，除V6生长阶段的土壤含水量外，免耕还改善了土壤含水量，土壤温度和水分利用效率。总体而言，NM1.5具有最佳的土壤保水和增温效果，显着提高了水分利用效率，并且是该研究区最合适的秸秆覆盖和耕作措施。