Purpose of Review

Major waterborne viruses comprise numerous variants rather than only a master sequence and form a genetically diverse population. High genetic diversity is advantageous for adaptation to environmental changes because the highly diverse population likely includes variants resistant to an adverse effect. Disinfection is a broadly employed tool to inactivate pathogens, but due to virus evolvability, waterborne viruses may not be inactivated sufficiently in currently applied disinfection conditions. Here, by focusing on virus population genetics, we explore possibility and factor of emergence of disinfection sensitivity change.

Recent Findings

To test whether virus population obtains disinfection resistance, the evolutionary experiment developed in the field of population genetics has been applied, indicating the change in disinfection sensitivity. It has been also confirmed that the sensitivity of environmental strains is lower than that of laboratory strains. In some of these studies, genetic diversity within a population less sensitive to disinfection is higher. Researches in virus population genetics have shown the contribution of intra-population genetic diversity to virus population phenotype, so disinfection sensitivity change may attribute to the genetic diversity.

Summary

The research elucidating a relationship between virus evolution and disinfection has only recently begun, but significant information about the relationship has been accumulated. To develop an effective disinfection strategy for the control of waterborne virus spread, we need to clarify whether disinfection practice truly affects virus outbreaks by refining both laboratory and field experiments related to virus evolution in the disinfection-exerted environment.

中文翻译：

---

病毒消毒和种群遗传学：通过水工程控制水传播病毒疾病

审查目的

主要的水传病毒包含许多变异，而不仅仅是一个主序列，并形成了遗传上多样化的种群。高遗传多样性有利于适应环境变化，因为高度多样性的种群可能包括对不利影响具有抵抗力的变异体。消毒是一种广泛用于灭活病原体的工具，但是由于病毒的发展，在当前应用的消毒条件下，水性病毒可能无法得到充分灭活。在这里，通过关注病毒种群遗传学，我们探讨了消毒敏感性变化出现的可能性和因素。

最近的发现

为了检验病毒种群是否具有抗药性，已经应用了在种群遗传学领域开发的进化实验，表明了其对病毒的敏感性的变化。还已经证实，环境菌株的敏感性低于实验室菌株的敏感性。在其中一些研究中，对消毒不太敏感的人群中的遗传多样性更高。对病毒种群遗传学的研究表明，种群内遗传多样性对病毒种群表型的贡献，因此消毒敏感性的变化可能归因于遗传多样性。

概括

阐明病毒进化与消毒之间的关系的研究直到最近才开始，但是有关该关系的重要信息已经积累。为了制定有效的消毒策略来控制水传播的病毒传播，我们需要通过完善在消毒后环境中与病毒进化相关的实验室和现场实验，来阐明消毒实践是否真正影响了病毒的爆发。