Soil fauna communities are major drivers of many forest ecosystem processes. Tree species diversity and composition shape soil fauna communities, but their relationships are poorly understood, notably whether or not soil fauna diversity depends on tree species diversity. Here, we characterized soil macrofauna communities from forests composed of either one or three tree species, located in four different climate zones and growing on different soil types. Using multivariate analysis and model averaging we investigated the relative importance of tree species richness, tree functional type (deciduous vs. evergreen), litter quality, microhabitat and microclimatic characteristics as drivers of soil macrofauna community composition and structure. We found that macrofauna communities in mixed forest stands were represented by a higher number of broad taxonomic groups that were more diverse and more evenly represented. We also observed a switch from earthworm-dominated to predator-dominated communities with increasing evergreen proportion in forest stands, which we interpreted as a result of a lower litter quality and a higher forest floor mass. Finally, canopy openness was positively related to detritivore abundance and biomass, leading to higher predator species richness and diversity probably through trophic cascade effects. Interestingly, considering different levels of taxonomic resolution in the analyses highlighted different facets of macrofauna response to tree species richness, likely a result of both different ecological niche range and methodological constraints. Overall, our study supports the positive effects of tree species richness on macrofauna diversity and abundance through multiple changes in resource quality and availability, microhabitat, and microclimate modifications.

土壤动物群落是许多森林生态系统过程的主要驱动力。树木物种多样性和组成影响土壤动物群落，但是人们对它们之间的关系了解甚少，特别是土壤动物多样性是否取决于树木物种多样性。在这里，我们从由一种或三种树种组成的森林中表征了土壤大型动物群落，这些森林位于四个不同的气候区，并在不同的土壤类型上生长。使用多元分析和模型平均，我们调查了树木物种丰富度，树木功能类型（落叶树与常绿树），凋落物质量，微生境和微气候特征作为土壤大型动物群落组成和结构的驱动因素的相对重要性。我们发现，混交林林分中的大型动物群落由数量更多，分布更广泛，分布更均匀的广泛生物分类群所代表。我们还观察到，林分中常绿植物的比例从increasing为主的社区转变为以食肉动物为主的社区，这是由于凋落物质量较低和森林地积质量较高的结果。最后，冠层开放度与有害生物的丰度和生物量呈正相关，可能通过营养级联效应导致更高的捕食物种丰富度和多样性。有趣的是，在分析中考虑不同级别的生物分类学分辨率，突显了大型动物对树木物种丰富度的不同反应，这可能是由于不同生态位范围和方法学限制的结果。全面的，