The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a general shortage of personal protection products and therapeutic devices, which has highlighted the need for each country to have its own production resources and not depend solely on imports. Given the time that elapses between the onset of an epidemic and its detection, as well as the time required to activate production and the lead time of purchasing operations, it is necessary to have a permanent reserve, which we call shield stock, in order to immediately meet the demand for equipment at the beginning and throughout the course of the epidemic. This situation is analysed in order to identify the most relevant decisions in the scenario described, formulate a cost optimisation model and develop procedures to find the most economical combination of shield stock, domestic production capacity and imports to guarantee the immediate satisfaction of demand and the restoration of the shield stock after the epidemic, as a preventative measure. The procedure is illustrated with a specific pattern of the spread of the epidemic and some numerical examples.

COVID-19 大流行导致个人防护产品和治疗设备普遍短缺，这凸显了每个国家需要拥有自己的生产资源而不是仅仅依赖进口。考虑到从疫情开始到发现的时间，以及启动生产所需的时间和采购操作的前置时间，有必要有一个永久储备，我们称之为盾牌库存，以便即刻满足疫情初期及全过程对设备的需求。分析这种情况是为了确定所描述场景中最相关的决策，制定成本优化模型并制定程序以找到最经济的盾构库存组合，国内产能和进口，以保证疫情后需求的即时满足和盾牌库存的恢复，作为预防措施。该过程通过流行病传播的特定模式和一些数值示例进行了说明。