Recovery in schizophrenia is a complex process, involving clinical, societal and personal recovery. Until now, studies analysed these domains separately, without examining their mutual relations and changes over time.

This study aimed to examine different states of recovery and transition rates between states.

The Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (2006–2017) yearly assesses patients with schizophrenia in the Northern Netherlands. Data from 2327 patients with one up to 11 yearly measurements on clinical, societal and personal recovery were jointly analysed with a mixture latent Markov model (MLMM).

The selected MLMM had four states that differed in degree and pattern of recovery outcomes. Patients in state 1 were least recovered on any domain (16% of measurements), and partly recovered in states 2 (25%; featured by negative symptoms) and 3 (21%; featured by positive symptoms). Patients in state 4 (38%) were most recovered, except for work, study and housekeeping. At the subsequent measurement, the probability of remaining in the same state was 77–89%, transitioning to a better state was 4–12% and transitioning to a worse state was 4–6%; no transitions occurred between states 1 and 4. Female gender, shorter illness duration and less schizophrenia were more prevalent in better states.

Quite a high recovery rate was present among a substantial part of the measurements (38%, state 4), with a high probability (89%) of remaining in this state. Transition rates in the other states might increase to a more favourable state by focusing on adequate treatment of negative and positive symptoms and societal problems.

精神分裂症的康复是一个复杂的过程，涉及临床、社会和个人的康复。到目前为止，研究分别分析了这些领域，没有研究它们的相互关系和随时间的变化。

这项研究旨在检查不同的恢复状态和状态之间的转换率。

药物治疗监测和结果调查（2006-2017）每年评估荷兰北部的精神分裂症患者。使用混合潜马尔可夫模型 (MLMM) 联合分析了来自 2327 名患者的数据，这些患者每年对临床、社会和个人康复进行一次最多 11 次测量。

选定的 MLMM 有四种状态，其恢复结果的程度和模式不同。状态 1 的患者在任何领域恢复最少（16% 的测量值），在状态 2（25%；以阴性症状为特征）和 3（21%；以阳性症状为特征）中部分恢复。除了工作、学习和家务，状态 4 的患者 (38%) 康复最多。在随后的测量中，保持相同状态的概率为 77-89%，过渡到较好状态的概率为 4-12%，过渡到较差状态的概率为 4-6%；状态 1 和状态 4 之间没有发生转变。女性、病程较短和精神分裂症较少在较好的州更为普遍。

在大部分测量（38%，状态 4）中存在相当高的恢复率，保持在该状态的概率很高（89%）。通过专注于对阴性和阳性症状和社会问题的充分治疗，其他州的过渡率可能会提高到更有利的状态。