Abstract

The abnormal structure and function of blood vessels in the TME are obvious characteristics of the tumour. Abnormal blood vessels with high leakage support the occurrence of malignant tumours and increase the possibility of tumour cell invasion and metastasis. The formation of abnormal vascular also enhances immunosuppression and prevents the delivery of chemotherapy drugs to deeper tumours. Therefore, the normalisation of tumour blood vessels is a very promising approach to improve anti-tumour efficacy, aiming to restore the structural integrity of vessels and improve drug delivery efficiency and anti-tumour immunity. In this review, we have summarised strategies to improve cancer treatment that via nano drug delivery technology regulates the normalisation of tumour blood vessels. The treatment strategies related to the structure and function of tumour blood vessels such as angiogenesis factors, tumour-associated macrophages, tumour vascular endothelial cells, tumour-associated fibroblasts and immune checkpoints in the TME were mainly discussed. The normalisation of tumour blood vessels presents new opportunities and challenges for the more efficient delivery of nanoparticles to tumour tissues and cells and an innovative combination of treatments for cancer.

摘要

TME中血管的异常结构和功能是肿瘤的明显特征。高渗漏的异常血管支持恶性肿瘤的发生，增加肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移的可能性。异常血管的形成也增强了免疫抑制并阻止化疗药物输送到更深的肿瘤。因此，肿瘤血管的正常化是一种非常有前景的提高抗肿瘤疗效的方法，旨在恢复血管的结构完整性，提高药物输送效率和抗肿瘤免疫力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了通过纳米药物递送技术调节肿瘤血管正常化来改善癌症治疗的策略。重点讨论了TME中的血管生成因子、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、肿瘤血管内皮细胞、肿瘤相关成纤维细胞和免疫检查点等与肿瘤血管结构和功能相关的治疗策略。肿瘤血管的正常化为更有效地将纳米颗粒递送至肿瘤组织和细胞以及癌症治疗的创新组合提出了新的机遇和挑战。