For large-scale CO₂ geological storage (CGS) in deep saline aquifers, storing maximum possible amounts of CO₂ over the project period is desirable. The ultimate storage capacity of a potential storage site is evidently a function of the static formation characteristics (e.g., formation porosity and thickness). However, it can be dramatically changed by the injectivity variations caused by the dynamic practices utilized during CO₂ injection. Proper management of a CGS project implies operating the injection well at the optimal well operating condition or injection scheme that ensure optimal injectivity and hence improved ultimate storage capacity. Practically, the operating condition of the injection well is partly controlled by the amount of CO₂ supplied by the emission source (e.g., power plant), which results in inevitable fluctuations/shut-downs during the operation. In this work, we investigate the effect of different operating conditions of the injection well on the injectivity and the ultimate storage capacity of the aquifer. With CO₂ injected continuously or intermittently, constant terminal-rate and constant terminal-pressure well operating conditions are studied. Next, we provide a simple net-present value (NPV) analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility of adopting different injection schemes. The results are applied to a synthetic CGS project with injection history to investigate their implications. Finally, we present a sensitivity analysis to test the effect of varying the injection rate, the vertical permeability, and the formation dip angle on the dynamic storage capacity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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注水井作业条件对深部咸水层CO2封存能力的影响

对于深部咸水层中的大规模 CO ₂地质封存 (CGS)，在项目期间封存尽可能多的 CO ₂是可取的。潜在封存地点的最终封存容量显然是静态地层特征（例如，地层孔隙度和厚度）的函数。然而，CO ₂注入过程中使用的动态实践引起的注入量变化可能会显着改变它。CGS 项目的正确管理意味着在最佳井操作条件或注入方案下操作注入井，以确保最佳注入能力，从而提高最终存储容量。实际上，注入井的运行条件部分受CO ₂量的控制由排放源（例如，发电厂）提供，这会导致运行期间不可避免的波动/停机。在这项工作中，我们研究了注入井的不同操作条件对含水层的注入能力和最终存储容量的影响。含 CO ₂研究了连续或间歇注入、恒定终端速率和恒定终端压力井的操作条件。接下来，我们提供了一个简单的净现值 (NPV) 分析来评估采用不同注入方案的经济可行性。将结果应用于具有注入历史的合成 CGS 项目以研究其影响。最后，我们进行了敏感性分析，以测试改变注入速率、垂直渗透率和地层倾角对动态存储容量的影响。© 2021 化学工业协会和 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.