Two conserved processes express the genetic information of all organisms. First, DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) by the multisubunit enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP). Second, the mRNA directs protein synthesis, when the ribosome translates its nucleotide sequence to amino acids using the genetic code. Because these two processes are so fundamental, a multitude of regulatory processes have evolved to regulate them. Most examples involve regulation of either transcription or translation. In PNAS, Chatterjee et al. (1) instead describe a complex and intricate regulatory process in which transcription and translation are concurrently regulated by each other.

中文翻译：

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转录与翻译的错综复杂关系【生物物理学与计算生物学】

两个保守的过程表达了所有生物的遗传信息。首先，DNA 被多亚基酶 RNA 聚合酶 (RNAP) 转录成信使 RNA (mRNA)。其次，当核糖体使用遗传密码将其核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸时，mRNA 会指导蛋白质合成。由于这两个过程非常重要，因此已经发展出多种监管过程来对其进行监管。大多数例子涉及转录或翻译的调节。在 PNAS 中，Chatterjee 等人。( 1 ) 相反，描述了一个复杂而错综复杂的调控过程，其中转录和翻译同时受到彼此的调控。