1. White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused the death of millions of bats, but the impacts have been more difficult to identify in western North America. Understanding how WNS, or other threats, impacts western bats may require monitoring other roosts, such as maternity roosts and night roosts, where bats aggregate in large numbers.
2. Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are experiencing some of the greatest declines from WNS. Estimating survival and understanding population dynamics can provide valuable data for assessing population declines and informing conservation efforts.
3. We conducted a 5-year mark–recapture study of two M. lucifugus roosts in Colorado. We used the robust design model to estimate apparent survival, fidelity, and abundance to understand population dynamics, and environmental covariates to understand how summer and winter weather conditions impact adult female survival. We compared the fidelity and capture probability of M. lucifugus between colonies to understand how bats use such roosts.
4. Overwinter survival increased with the number of days with temperatures below freezing (β > 0.100, SE = 0.003) and decreased with the number of days with snow cover (β < −0.40, SE < 0.13). Adult female fidelity was higher at one maternity roost than the other. Overwinter and oversummer adult female survival was high (>0.90), and based on survival estimates and fungal-swabbing results, we believe these populations have yet to experience WNS.
5. Recapture of M. lucifugus using antennas that continuously read passive integrated transponder tags allows rigorous estimation of bat population parameters that can elucidate trends in abundance and changes in survival. Monitoring populations at summer roosts can provide unique population ecology data that monitoring hibernacula alone may not. Because few adult males are captured at maternity colonies, and juvenile males have low fidelity, additional effort should focus on understanding male M. lucifugus population dynamics.

中文翻译：

---

夏季栖息地小棕蝙蝠（Myotis lucifugus）的种群动态：表观存活率、保真度、丰度和冬季条件的影响

1. 白鼻综合征 (WNS) 已导致数百万只蝙蝠死亡，但在北美西部更难以确定其影响。了解 WNS 或其他威胁如何影响西部蝙蝠可能需要监测其他栖息地，例如蝙蝠大量聚集的产妇栖息地和夜间栖息地。
2. 小棕蝙蝠 ( Myotis lucifugus ) 正在经历 WNS 带来的最大衰退。估计存活率和了解种群动态可以为评估种群下降和为保护工作提供信息提供有价值的数据。
3. 我们对科罗拉多州的两个M. lucifugus栖息地进行了为期 5 年的标记-重新捕获研究。我们使用稳健的设计模型来估计表观存活率、保真度和丰度以了解种群动态，并使用环境协变量来了解夏季和冬季天气条件如何影响成年女性的存活率。我们比较了不同菌落之间M. lucifugus的保真度和捕获概率，以了解蝙蝠如何使用此类栖息地。
4. 越冬存活率随着温度低于冰点的天数（β  > 0.100，SE  = 0.003）而增加，并随着积雪天数（β  < -0.40，SE  < 0.13）而减少。在一个产妇栖息地，成年女性的忠诚度高于另一个。越冬和夏季成年女性存活率很高 (>0.90)，根据存活率估计和真菌擦拭结果，我们相信这些人群尚未经历 WNS。
5. 夺回M。lucifugus使用连续读取无源集成转发器标签的天线，可以对蝙蝠种群参数进行严格估计，从而阐明丰度和生存变化的趋势。在夏季栖息地监测种群可以提供独特的种群生态数据，而单独监测冬眠草可能无法提供。由于在产卵群中捕获的成年雄性很少，而且幼年雄性的保真度较低，因此应进一步努力了解雄性M. lucifugus种群动态。