Noninvasively measured immune responses reflect current parasite infections in a wild carnivore and are linked to longevity,Ecology and Evolution

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Noninvasively measured immune responses reflect current parasite infections in a wild carnivore and are linked to longevity
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-07 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7602
Susana C M Ferreira _{1,

2} , Miguel M Veiga ₁ , Heribert Hofer _{1,

3,

4} , Marion L East ₁ , Gábor Á Czirják ₅

Affiliation

Host immune defenses are important components of host–parasite interactions that affect the outcome of infection and may have fitness consequences for hosts when increased allocation of resources to immune responses undermines other essential life processes. Research on host–parasite interactions in large free-ranging wild mammals is currently hampered by a lack of verified noninvasive assays. We successfully adapted existing assays to measure innate and adaptive immune responses produced by the gastrointestinal mucosa in spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) feces, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), to quantify fecal immunoglobulins (total IgA, total IgG) and total fecal O-linked oligosaccharides (mucin). We investigated the effect of infection load by an energetically costly hookworm (Ancylostoma), parasite richness, host age, sex, year of sampling, and clan membership on immune responses and asked whether high investment in immune responses during early life affects longevity in individually known spotted hyenas in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Fecal concentrations of IgA, IgG, and mucin increased with Ancylostoma egg load and were higher in juveniles than in adults. Females had higher mucin concentrations than males. Juvenile females had higher IgG concentrations than juvenile males, whereas adult females had lower IgG concentrations than adult males. High IgA concentrations during the first year of life were linked to reduced longevity after controlling for age at sampling and Ancylostoma egg load. Our study demonstrates that the use of noninvasive methods can increase knowledge on the complex relationship between gastrointestinal parasites and host local immune responses in wild large mammals and reveal fitness-relevant effects of these responses.

中文翻译：

无创测量的免疫反应反映了野生食肉动物当前的寄生虫感染，并与长寿有关

宿主免疫防御是宿主与寄生虫相互作用的重要组成部分，影响感染的结果，并且当免疫反应资源分配的增加破坏其他基本生命过程时，可能会对宿主产生健康影响。目前，由于缺乏经过验证的非侵入性测定，大型自由放养野生哺乳动物的宿主与寄生虫相互作用的研究受到阻碍。我们成功地采用了现有的检测方法来测量斑点鬣狗 ( Crocuta crocuta ) 粪便中胃肠粘膜产生的先天性和适应性免疫反应，包括酶联免疫吸附检测 (ELISA)，以量化粪便免疫球蛋白（总 IgA、总 IgG）和总粪便O-连接寡糖（粘蛋白）。我们研究了一种能量消耗巨大的钩虫（钩虫）的感染负荷、寄生虫丰富度、宿主年龄、性别、采样年份和氏族成员对免疫反应的影响，并询问生命早期对免疫反应的高投入是否会影响个体已知的寿命。坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂国家公园的斑点鬣狗。粪便中 IgA、IgG 和粘蛋白的浓度随着钩口虫卵负载的增加而增加，并且幼鱼中的 IgA、IgG 和粘蛋白浓度高于成年鱼。女性的粘蛋白浓度高于男性。幼年雌性的 IgG 浓度高于幼年雄性，而成年雌性的 IgG 浓度低于成年雄性。在控制采样年龄和钩虫卵负载后，生命第一年的高 IgA 浓度与寿命缩短有关。我们的研究表明，使用非侵入性方法可以增加对野生大型哺乳动物胃肠道寄生虫与宿主局部免疫反应之间复杂关系的了解，并揭示这些反应与健康相关的影响。

更新日期：2021-06-22

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