The current study examined the role of White emotional responses (White empathy, guilt, and fear of other races) to (a) witnessing racism online (seeing racial/ethnic minorities discriminated in online interactions) and (b) exposure to online content on the group- and systemic-level racism against racial/ethnic minorities on White individuals' individual and institutional advocacy behaviors. Path analysis using data from 227 White adults revealed that White empathy explained significant indirect relations of witnessing online content on systemic- and group-level racism in society on individual and institutional advocacy behaviors. No significant indirect relations were found regarding witnessing racial/ethnic minorities being discriminated online interactions, but a significant direct link was observed on individual advocacy. In response to witnessing racism online, White empathy appeared to be promotive for advocacy engagement, whereas guilt and fear of other races seemed to be barriers. Limitations and implications for research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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在线见证种族主义是否会促进白人个人和机构的反种族主义宣传？白人同理心、白人内疚和白人对其他种族的恐惧的作用

目前的研究调查了白人情绪反应（白人同理心、内疚和对其他种族的恐惧）对 (a) 在网上目睹种族主义（在网上互动中看到种族/少数民族受到歧视）和 (b) 在网络上接触在线内容的作用。针对白人个人和机构倡导行为的种族/少数民族的群体和系统层面的种族主义。使用来自 227 名白人成年人的数据进行的路径分析显示，白人同理心解释了在个人和机构倡导行为上，在社会上系统性和群体层面的种族主义的在线内容见证的显着间接关系。在目睹种族/少数民族受到歧视的在线互动方面没有发现显着的间接关系，但在个人倡导方面观察到了显着的直接联系。为了回应在网上目睹种族主义，白人同情似乎是倡导参与的动力，而对其他种族的内疚和恐惧似乎是障碍。讨论了研究的局限性和影响。