New Zealand has a more than four-decade long (1977–2019) continuous record of measurements of the altitude of end-of-summer-snowlines (EOSS). These are obtained from oblique aerial photography during annual flights over the Southern Alps for a set of 50 ‘index glaciers’ (EOSS_ALPS). Average EOSS_ALPS is 1842 m for the 1977–2016 period. Estimates for EOSS_ALPS are extended from 1977 back to 1949 by using observations from New Zealand's largest glacier, the Tasman (EOSS_TAS). When EOSS_TAS are not available, significant regression relationships are established with air temperature, regional climate indices and hemispheric scale climate teleconnections. This analysis involves glacier year values of annual mean Hokitika temperature, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Results show that over the seven decades there have been significant increases in EOSS_ALPS, and anthropogenic temperature increases play a significant role as found for Hokitika temperature. From 1949 to 1955 EOSS_ALPS varied little, but then rose to 1980. Thereafter, until 2010, annual EOSS_ALPS stayed about the same level with small fluctuations. However, from 2010 to 2019 it rose by a further 200 m above normal. The overall increase in EOSS_ALPS since 1949 is most significant, averaging +42 m per decade, or a total of 300 m. The length of the two monitored fast flowing Franz Josef and Fox glaciers over the same time are mimicked well by EOSS_ALPS with a four-year lag.

中文翻译：

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将新西兰南阿尔卑斯山冰川的夏末雪线延长至 1949 年

新西兰拥有长达四个多十年（1977-2019 年）的夏末雪线 (EOSS) 高度测量记录。这些是从每年飞越南_阿尔卑斯山的一组 50 个“指数冰川”（EOSS _ALPS）的倾斜航拍中获得的。1977-2016年期间EOSS _{ALPS 的}平均海拔为 1842 m。通过使用新西兰最大的冰川塔斯曼 (EOSS _TAS ) 的观测数据，对 EOSS _{ALPS 的}估计从 1977 年延至 1949 年。当 EOSS _TAS不可用，与气温、区域气候指数和半球尺度气候遥相关建立了显着的回归关系。该分析涉及年平均霍基蒂卡温度的冰川年值、南方环形模式 (SAM)、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动指数 (ENSO) 和年代际太平洋涛动 (IPO)。结果表明，在过去的七年里，EOSS _ALPS显着增加_，人为温度升高对霍基蒂卡温度起着重要作用。从 1949 年到 1955 年 EOSS _ALPS变化不大，但随后上升到 1980 年。此后，直到 2010 年，每年的 EOSS _ALPS保持在同一水平，波动很小。然而，从 2010 年到 2019 年，它比正常水平又上升了 200 m。自 1949 年以来EOSS _ALPS的总体增长最为显着，平均每十年增加 42 m，或总计 300 m。EOSS _ALPS很好地模拟了同时监测的两个快速流动的弗朗兹约瑟夫冰川和福克斯冰川的长度，但滞后了四年。