Although the physical and environmental factors contributing to road traffic collisions are often the most straightforward to identify, they may not necessarily be the most useful in terms of guiding road safety intervention design. From a sociotechnical systems perspective, it is the higher system factors that, if addressed, would provide the widest-reaching benefits to system outcomes. That said, the identification of these higher-order factors often requires a level of intuition or imagination; they are not always objectively obvious given the facts of a particular case. Here, we argue for the use of the Accimap approach to accident (or collision) analysis, supplemented with a modified version of the five whys causal analysis technique, for the support and structuring of this intuiting process. We use an analysis of a fatal motorcycle collision to illustrate how coroners in the United Kingdom could be supported in their task of identifying and summarizing factors in accordance with the levels of the Accimap, and according to a categorization scheme indicating how abstract those factors are (i.e., immediate, proximal, or distal). Our analysis identified 21 immediate, 12 proximal, and 33 distal factors contributing to the collision. It is these distal factors that are most likely to lead to longer-term road safety improvements.

中文翻译：

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直觉、Accimap 和问题“为什么？” 识别和分类导致道路交通碰撞的高阶因素

尽管导致道路交通碰撞的物理和环境因素通常最容易识别，但它们在指导道路安全干预设计方面不一定最有用。从社会技术系统的角度来看，更高的系统因素如果得到解决，将为系统结果提供最广泛的好处。也就是说，识别这些高阶因素通常需要一定程度的直觉或想象力；鉴于特定案件的事实，它们并不总是客观明显。在这里，我们主张使用 Accimap 方法进行事故（或碰撞）分析，并辅以五为什么因果分析技术的修改版本，以支持和构建这种直觉过程。我们使用对致命摩托车碰撞的分析来说明如何支持英国验尸官根据 Accimap 的级别识别和总结因素的任务，并根据分类方案表明这些因素的抽象程度（即直接、近端或远端）。我们的分析确定了导致碰撞的 21 个直接因素、12 个近端因素和 33 个远端因素。正是这些远期因素最有可能导致道路安全的长期改善。我们的分析确定了导致碰撞的 21 个直接因素、12 个近端因素和 33 个远端因素。正是这些远期因素最有可能导致道路安全的长期改善。我们的分析确定了导致碰撞的 21 个直接因素、12 个近端因素和 33 个远端因素。正是这些远期因素最有可能导致道路安全的长期改善。