This article offers a revision of the chronology and settlement history of Tula, Hidalgo, synthesizing information obtained from numerous investigations and 68 radiocarbon and seven archaeomagnetic dates. Tula Chico's earliest settlement appeared while the region was under the control of Teotihuacan as one of many hilltop Coyotlatelco settlements in the region. The monumental center at Tula Grande did not appear until after Tula grew to power, presumably with the consolidation of the other Coyotlatelco polities. Extensive exposure of residential structures in numerous localities have revealed a widespread pattern of barrios containing households exhibiting a wide range of social status that enjoyed access to a wide variety of luxury items including the first reported objects of gold. Tula Grande and the Tollan phase city appear to have already been abandoned and in ruins prior to the arrival of Aztec II peoples. The Late Aztec period occupation shows a preoccupation with Tula's ruins that parallels similar evidence from the Templo Mayor excavations suggesting it was indeed the place the Aztecs called Tollan.

中文翻译：

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修订的图拉和图拉地区的年表和定居历史

本文对伊达尔戈图拉的年表和定居历史进行了修订，综合了从众多调查中获得的信息以及 68 个放射性碳和 7 个考古磁日期。Tula Chico 最早的定居点出现在该地区作为该地区众多山顶 Coyotlatelco 定居点之一的特奥蒂瓦坎控制之下。直到图拉掌权之后，图拉格兰德的巨大中心才出现，大概是随着其他 Coyotlatelco 政体的巩固。许多地方的住宅结构的广泛曝光揭示了一种广泛的街区模式，其中包含具有广泛社会地位的家庭，这些家庭享有各种奢侈品，包括首次报道的黄金物品。在阿兹特克二世人民到来之前，图拉格兰德和托兰相城似乎已经被遗弃并成为废墟。晚期阿兹特克时期的占领显示出对图拉遗址的关注，这与 Templo Mayor 发掘的类似证据表明它确实是阿兹特克人称为 Tollan 的地方。