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Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 , DOI: 10.1037/abn0000653
Katharine N Thakkar 1 , Livon Ghermezi 1 , Steven M Silverstein 2 , Rachael Slate 1 , Beier Yao 1 , Eric D Achtyes 3 , Jan W Brascamp 1
Affiliation  

Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal adaptation) and subsequent disinhibition of neurons signaling activity at the opposite end of the feature dimension. In the current study, we measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages, 2 types of aftereffects that reflect, respectively, adaptation of cortical orientation-coding neurons and adaptation of subcortical and retinal luminance-coding cells in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ; n = 36) and demographically matched healthy controls (HC; n = 22). We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest oversensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

精神分裂症患者的倾斜后遗症更强。

精神分裂症患者可能无法适当地使用时间背景并将过去的环境规律应用于对传入感官信息的解释。在这里,我们使用视觉系统作为测试平台,研究先前的经验如何影响精神分裂症患者的感知。具体来说,我们使用视觉后效,即先前暴露于视觉输入产生的虚幻感知,来衡量先前事件对当前处理的影响。在神经层面上,由于编码先前刺激(神经元适应)的特征的神经元的反应减弱,以及随后在特征维度的另一端对神经元信号活动的去抑制,会产生视觉后遗症。在当前的研究中,我们测量了倾斜余像和负余像,两种类型的后遗症分别反映了精神分裂症患者(PSZ;n = 36)和人口统计学匹配的健康对照组(HC;n = 22)中皮质方向编码神经元的适应以及皮质下和视网膜亮度编码细胞的适应。与 HC 相比,我们在 PSZ 中观察到更强的倾斜后效应,但在负残像方面没有差异。更强的倾斜后遗症与更严重的阴性症状有关。这些数据表明,在精神分裂症的皮质而非皮质下,对最近的规律性过度敏感,表现为更强的视觉适应。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。n = 36)和人口统计匹配的健康对照(HC;n = 22)。与 HC 相比,我们在 PSZ 中观察到更强的倾斜后效应,但在负残像方面没有差异。更强的倾斜后遗症与更严重的阴性症状有关。这些数据表明,在精神分裂症的皮质而非皮质下,对最近的规律性过度敏感,表现为更强的视觉适应。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。n = 36)和人口统计匹配的健康对照(HC;n = 22)。与 HC 相比,我们在 PSZ 中观察到更强的倾斜后效应,但在负残像方面没有差异。更强的倾斜后遗症与更严重的阴性症状有关。这些数据表明,在精神分裂症的皮质而非皮质下,对最近的规律性过度敏感,表现为更强的视觉适应。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-12-10
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