Six experiments examined responses to groups whose attitudes deviated from wider social norms about asylum and immigration (in the United Kingdom), or about taxation levels (in the U.S.). Subjective group dynamics (SGD) theory states that people derogate in-group individuals who deviate from prescriptive in-group norms. This enables members to sustain the subjective validity of those norms and, hence, a positive social identity. Research also shows that in-group deviants who accentuate the difference between the in-group and out-group norm (e.g., extremists) are derogated less than deviants who attenuate that difference (e.g., a member who veers toward the outgroup's norm; Abrams et al., 2000). We hypothesize that these effects and the associated group dynamics should scale up when people evaluate deviant groups that are part of larger in-categories. Consistent with SGD theory, participants in Experiments 1, 2, and 3 derogated an in-category attenuating deviant group and upgraded an out-category attenuating deviant group relative to groups that consolidated or accentuated the respective norms of those categories-thereby reinforcing in-category norms relative to out-category norms. Across all experiments, this pattern of differential evaluation was associated with greater subjective validity of the in-category norm. We also hypothesized a novel Deviant Ingroup Protection (DIP) effect, wherein people should curtail derogation of an in-category deviant group when that group is their own. Consistent with this hypothesis, participants in Experiments 4, 5, and 6 evaluated an accentuating in-group, or an attenuating in-group, equally to or more positively than other in-category groups. Implications for political and organizational entrenchment are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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集体偏差：将主观群体动态扩大到上级类别揭示了偏差内群体保护效应。

六个实验检查了对那些态度偏离更广泛的关于庇护和移民（在英国）或税收水平（在美国）的社会规范的群体的反应。主观群体动力学 (SGD) 理论指出，人们会贬低偏离规范性群体规范的群体内个体。这使成员能够维持这些规范的主观有效性，从而维持积极的社会认同。研等人，2000 年）。我们假设当人们评估属于较大类别的异常群体时，这些影响和相关的群体动态应该扩大。与 SGD 理论一致，实验 1、2 和 3 的参与者减损了类别内衰减异常组，并相对于巩固或强调了这些类别各自规范的组升级了类别外衰减异常组 - 从而加强了类别内相对于类外规范的规范。在所有实验中，这种差异评估模式与类别内规范的更大主观有效性相关。我们还假设了一种新颖的异常内群保护 (DIP) 效应，当该组是他们自己的类别内异常组时，人们应该减少对该组的减损。与这个假设一致，实验 4、5 和 6 的参与者对加重组内或减弱组内的评价与其他组内组相同或更积极。讨论了对政治和组织巩固的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。