Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is prevalent and confers risk for psychopathology later in life. Approaches to understanding the impact of ACEs on development include the independent risk approach, the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP) distinguishing between threat and deprivation events, and the cumulative risk approach. The present research provides an empirical confirmation of DMAP and a comparison of these three approaches in predicting internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth. In Study 1, mental health professionals (N = 57) rated ACEs as threat or deprivation events. These ratings were used to create composites to represent the DMAP approach in Study 2. With cross-sectional and longitudinal data from children and adolescents in state custody (N = 23,850), hierarchical linear regression analyses examined independent risk, DMAP, and cumulative risk models in predicting internalizing symptoms, disinhibited externalizing symptoms, and antagonistic externalizing symptoms. All three approaches produced significant models and revealed associations between exposure to ACEs and symptoms. Individual risk accounted for significantly more variance in symptoms than cumulative risk and DMAP. Cumulative risk masked differential associations between ACEs and psychological symptoms found in the individual risk and DMAP approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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三种不良童年经历模型的比较：与儿童和青少年内化和外化症状的关联。

暴露于不利的童年经历 (ACE) 很普遍，并且会在以后的生活中带来精神病理学的风险。理解 ACE 对发展影响的方法包括独立风险方法、逆境和精神病理学维度模型 (DMAP) 区分威胁和剥夺事件，以及累积风险方法。本研究提供了 DMAP 的实证证实，并对这三种方法在预测青年内化和外化症状方面进行了比较。在研究 1 中，心理健康专家 (N = 57) 将 ACE 评定为威胁或剥夺事件。这些评级被用来创建复合材料，以代表研究 2 中的 DMAP 方法。 根据来自国家监护的儿童和青少年（N = 23,850）的横断面和纵向数据，分层线性回归分析检查了独立风险、DMAP 和累积风险模型在预测内化症状、去抑制外化症状和对抗性外化症状方面的作用。所有三种方法都产生了重要的模型，并揭示了 ACE 暴露与症状之间的关联。与累积风险和 DMAP 相比，个体风险导致的症状差异显着更多。累积风险掩盖了个体风险和 DMAP 方法中发现的 ACE 和心理症状之间的差异关联。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。所有三种方法都产生了重要的模型，并揭示了 ACE 暴露与症状之间的关联。与累积风险和 DMAP 相比，个体风险导致的症状差异显着更多。累积风险掩盖了个体风险和 DMAP 方法中发现的 ACE 和心理症状之间的差异关联。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。所有三种方法都产生了重要的模型，并揭示了 ACE 暴露与症状之间的关联。与累积风险和 DMAP 相比，个体风险导致的症状差异显着更多。累积风险掩盖了个体风险和 DMAP 方法中发现的 ACE 和心理症状之间的差异关联。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。