In early adolescence, levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness have been found to temporarily decrease, with levels of neuroticism increasing, indicating a dip in personality maturation. It is unknown whether these changes are related to the process of puberty, a major developmental milestone with numerous changes for children. Here, we first replicated the dip in personality maturity in early adolescence (N = 2640, age range 8-18, 51% girls, 65% non-Hispanic white, 21% Hispanic/Latino, 10% African American, 9% other, roughly 33% of families received means-tested public assistance) and tested associations between the Big Five personality dimensions and pubertal development and timing across late childhood and adolescence (n = 1793). Pubertal development was measured using both hormonal assays (DHEA, testosterone, and progesterone) and self-reports of secondary sex characteristics. Of hormonal measures, only higher DHEA concentrations were associated with lower conscientiousness and openness. Nonparametric moderation analyses using LOSEM indicated Complex Age × Sex interactions involving all three hormones. Self-reported pubertal development was associated with lower extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. More advanced pubertal timing was also related to lower levels of extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. All associations were small. As some evidence was found for small associations between pubertal development and lower levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness, a dip in personality maturation in these personality traits may be partly due to pubertal development in early adolescence. Overall, results did not indicate that pubertal development was the primary explanation of the maturity dip in adolescent personality. Many small influences likely accumulate to explain the dip in personality maturity in early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

青春期大五人格和青春期发育：青春期激素浓度和自我报告的青春期状态。

在青春期早期，人们发现责任心和宜人性水平暂时下降，神经质水平上升，表明人格成熟度下降。尚不清楚这些变化是否与青春期过程有关，青春期是儿童众多变化的重要发展里程碑。在这里，我们首先复制了青春期早期人格成熟度的下降（​​N = 2640，年龄范围 8-18，51% 女孩，65% 非西班牙裔白人，21% 西班牙裔/拉丁裔，10% 非裔美国人，9% 其他，大约 33% 的家庭接受了经过经济状况调查的公共援助），并测试了大五人格维度与童年晚期和青春期的青春期发育和时机之间的关联（n = 1793）。使用两种激素测定法（DHEA、睾酮、和黄体酮）和第二性征的自我报告。在荷尔蒙测量中，只有较高的 DHEA 浓度与较低的责任心和开放性相关。使用 LOSEM 的非参数调节分析表明涉及所有三种激素的复杂年龄×性别相互作用。自我报告的青春期发育与较低的外向性、责任心、宜人性和开放性有关。更早的青春期时间也与较低水平的外向性、责任心和宜人性有关。所有协会都很小。由于一些证据表明青春期发育与较低水平的尽责性和宜人性之间存在微小关联，因此这些人格特征中人格成熟度的下降可能部分是由于青春期早期的青春期发育。全面的，结果并未表明青春期发育是青少年人格成熟度下降的主要解释。许多小的影响可能会累积起来解释青春期早期人格成熟度的下降。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。