Presenting items multiple times on a study list increases their memorability, a process known as item strengthening. The list-strength effect (LSE) refers to the finding that, compared to unstrengthened (pure) lists, lists for which a subset of the items have been strengthened produce enhanced memory for the strengthened items and depressed memory for the unstrengthened items. Although the LSE is found in free recall (Tulving & Hastie, 1972), it does not occur in recognition (Ratcliff et al., 1990). In free recall, the LSE in mixed lists is attributed to a sampling bias promoting priority recall of strong items and consequent output interference affecting weak items. We suggest that, in recognition, the disruption of this pattern through the randomization of test probes is responsible for the null LSE. We present several pilot experiments consistent with this account; however, the registered experiment, which had more statistical power, did not support this account.

中文翻译：

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测试列表强度效应的策略干扰帐户。

在研究列表中多次显示项目可增加其记忆力，这一过程称为项目强化。列表强度效应（LSE）是指与未增强（纯）列表相比，已增强项子集的列表对增强项产生增强的记忆，而对未增强项产生沮丧的记忆。尽管LSE是在自由召回中发现的（Tulving＆Hastie，1972），但它并不是在识别中出现的（Ratcliff et al。，1990）。在自由召回中，混合列表中的LSE归因于抽样偏差，该偏差会促使优先撤回强项，并因此影响弱项。我们建议，认识到，通过随机化的测试探针破坏这种模式是造成无效LSE的原因。我们提供了与此帐户相符的一些试验性实验；但是，具有更多统计能力的注册实验不支持此帐户。