Background: Nonylphenol (NP), a chemical compound widely used in industry, is the result of the nonylphenol ethoxylate decomposition and it is known as an estrogen-like compound. Numerous studies and researches have shown that it has many destructive functions of various organs such as the brain. This toxicant causes oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus cells, which are two essential regions to preserve memory and learning in the brain.

Methods: This review examines recent findings to better understanding the mechanisms of NP neurotoxicity. We used Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases to find articles focused on the destructive effects of NP on the oxidative stress pathway and its defense mechanisms.

Results: NP has potential human health hazards associated with gestational, peri- and postnatal exposure. NP can disrupt brain homeostasis in different ways, such as activation of inflammatory factors in brain especially in hippocampus and cortex, disruption of the cell cycle, changes in neuron, dendrites and synapses morphology, disruption of extra and intracellular calcium ion balance and also memory and learning disorders.

背景：壬基酚（NP）是一种广泛应用于工业的化合物，是壬基酚乙氧基化物分解的结果，被称为类雌激素化合物。大量的研究和研究表明，它对大脑等多种器官具有多种破坏功能。这种有毒物质会导致皮质和海马细胞产生氧化应激，而这两个区域是大脑中保存记忆和学习的重要区域。

方法：本综述检查了最近的发现，以更好地了解 NP 神经毒性的机制。我们使用 Scopus、Google Scholar 和 PubMed 数据库来查找关注 NP 对氧化应激途径及其防御机制的破坏性影响的文章。

结果：NP 具有与妊娠期、围产期和产后接触相关的潜在人类健康危害。 NP 可以通过不同的方式破坏大脑稳态，例如激活大脑中的炎症因子，尤其是海马和皮质，破坏细胞周期，改变神经元、树突和突触形态，破坏细胞外和细胞内钙离子平衡以及记忆和记忆。学习障碍。