Breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in women worldwide, and the development of efficient treatments faces several challenges. Breast cancer is characterized by histological and functional heterogeneity in aspects such as tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. RNA therapy has emerged as a highly attractive class of drugs for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It might play remarkable regulatory roles in the treatment of targeted cells by either increasing or silencing expressions of specific proteins, and such features of RNA-based drugs cause high selectivity and low risk of off-target effect in breast cancer. RNA therapy exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects upon cell culture systems, animal models, and in clinical trials in most studies. In this mini-review, we outline the classifications, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges of RNA therapy and highlight its application in breast cancer treatment. Additionally, we summarize the clinical trials of RNA-targeting therapies and the development of anti-tumor RNA drugs and provide future directions for RNA therapeutics in breast cancer.

乳腺癌是全球女性最致命的癌症之一，开发有效的治疗方法面临着若干挑战。乳腺癌的特点是在肿瘤发生、转移和耐药性等方面具有组织学和功能异质性。RNA 疗法已成为一类极具吸引力的用于治疗和预防乳腺癌的药物。它可能通过增加或沉默特定蛋白质的表达在靶向细胞的治疗中发挥显着的调节作用，而基于 RNA 的药物的这些特性导致乳腺癌脱靶效应的高选择性和低风险。在大多数研究中，RNA 疗法对细胞培养系统、动物模型和临床试验发挥抗增殖和促凋亡作用。在这个迷你评论中，我们概述了分类，RNA 治疗的机制、优势和挑战，并强调其在乳腺癌治疗中的应用。此外，我们总结了 RNA 靶向治疗的临床试验和抗肿瘤 RNA 药物的开发，并为乳腺癌的 RNA 治疗提供了未来的方向。