Game-based learning supported by mobile intelligence technology has promoted the renewal of teaching and learning models. Herein, a model of Question-Observation-Doing-Explanation (QODE) based on smart phones was constructed and applied to science learning during school disruption in COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, from the theoretical perspective of cognitive-affective theory of learning with media, Bandura’s motivation theory and community of inquiry model, self-report measure was used to verify the effect of students’ scientific self-efficacy and cognitive anxiety on science engagement. A total of 357 valid questionnaires were used for structural equation model research. The results indicated that two types of scientific self-efficacy, as indicated by scientific learning ability and scientific learning behavior, were negatively associated with cognitive anxiety. In addition, cognitive anxiety was also negatively correlated to four types of science engagement, as indicated by cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, behavioral engagement, and social engagement through smartphone interactions. These findings provide further evidence for game-based learning promoted by smart phones, contributing to a deeper understanding of the associations between scientific self-efficacy, cognitive anxiety, and science engagement. This study points out that the QODE model is suitable for implementing smart mobile devices to students’ science learning.

移动智能技术支持的游戏化学习促进了教学模式的更新。在此，构建了一个基于智能手机的问题-观察-做-解释 (QODE) 模型，并将其应用于 COVID-19 大流行期间学校中断期间的科学学习。本研究从媒介学习的认知情感理论、班杜拉的动机理论和探究社区模型的理论视角，采用自我报告测量方法验证学生科学自我效能感和认知焦虑对科学参与的影响。 . 结构方程模型研究共使用有效问卷357份。结果表明，科学学习能力和科学学习行为两种类型的科学自我效能感，与认知焦虑呈负相关。此外，认知焦虑也与四种类型的科学参与呈负相关，如认知参与、情感参与、行为参与和通过智能手机互动的社交参与。这些发现为智能手机促进的基于游戏的学习提供了进一步的证据，有助于更深入地理解科学自我效能、认知焦虑和科学参与之间的关联。本研究指出，QODE 模型适用于将智能移动设备应用于学生的科学学习。通过智能手机互动进行社交互动。这些发现为智能手机促进的基于游戏的学习提供了进一步的证据，有助于更深入地理解科学自我效能、认知焦虑和科学参与之间的关联。本研究指出，QODE 模型适用于将智能移动设备应用于学生的科学学习。通过智能手机互动进行社交互动。这些发现为智能手机促进的基于游戏的学习提供了进一步的证据，有助于更深入地理解科学自我效能、认知焦虑和科学参与之间的关联。本研究指出，QODE 模型适用于将智能移动设备应用于学生的科学学习。