https://immunenetwork.org There has been a long journey in the effort to harness the immune system for the treatment of cancer since Coley's toxin was first used to treat cancer 120 years ago. However, almost all efforts failed to improve patient outcomes. Meanwhile, the concept of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting has been established (1), and T cells have been considered major players in the immune responses to cancer. Moreover, immunologists have found that tumor antigen-specific T cells are largely ‘exhausted’ in both murine and human tumors (2).

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免疫学家和肿瘤学家联合战胜癌症

https://immunenetwork.org 自 120 年前 Coley 毒素首次用于治疗癌症以来，利用免疫系统治疗癌症的努力已经走了很长一段路。然而，几乎所有的努力都未能改善患者的预后。同时，癌症免疫监视和免疫编辑的概念已经确立（1），T细胞被认为是癌症免疫反应的主要参与者。此外，免疫学家发现肿瘤抗原特异性 T 细胞在鼠类和人类肿瘤中都大量“耗尽”（2）。