Abstract

Sodium and calcium channels play fundamental roles in the physiology of excitable cells. These channels are targets for various natural toxins, synthetic drugs and insecticides. Genetic mutations in sodium and calcium channels are associated with hereditary diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, myotonia, hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia. It is not surprising that the development of selective modulators of sodium and calcium channels is an important task of neuropharmacology. In recent years, crystal and cryo-electron microscopic structures of sodium and calcium channels and their complexes with toxins and drugs have been published. In these studies, structural explanations are proposed for the numerous experimental data accumulated in previous decades. In the current review, experimental structures and theoretical models of sodium and calcium channels with toxins and drugs are considered. The possible role of current-carrying cations and their binding sites in the action of some ligands is discussed.

中文翻译：

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带有配体的钠和钙通道的结构

摘要

钠和钙通道在可激发细胞的生理中起基本作用。这些渠道是各种天然毒素，合成药物和杀虫剂的目标。钠和钙通道的遗传突变与遗传性疾病有关，例如心律不齐，癫痫，肌强直，痛觉过敏和痛觉过敏。钠和钙通道选择性调节剂的开发是神经药理学的重要任务也就不足为奇了。近年来，钠和钙通道的晶体和低温电子显微结构及其与毒素和药物的复合物已被公开。在这些研究中，提出了对过去几十年中积累的大量实验数据的结构解释。在目前的评论中，考虑了钠和钙通道与毒素和药物的实验结构和理论模型。讨论了载流阳离子及其结合位点在某些配体作用中的可能作用。