We demonstrate a single-beam atomic magnetometer (AM) capable of measuring a three-axis magnetic field with high-sensitivity, achieved by applying a small DC offset field and a high frequency modulation field. To satisfy the miniaturization demand of AMs, an elliptically polarized light detuned by 50 GHz from the resonance transition center is employed. The circularly polarized component is used to polarize the alkali-metal atoms, while the linearly polarized light is used to detect the dynamics of the polarized spin under a magnetic field. Based on theoretical analysis, parameters that significantly affect the performance are optimized, and a sensitivity of 20 fT/Hz^1/2 in x-axis, 25 fT/Hz^1/2 in y-axis, 30 fT/Hz^1/2 in z-axis is achieved with a miniature 4 × 4 × 4 mm ⁸⁷Rb vapor cell. Moreover, we also verify that the operation principle of AMs can be used to null background magnetic fields in-situ with isotropic compensation resolution of 6.7 pT, which provides an effectively precise method for zeroing ambient magnetic field. The high-sensitivity operating of an elliptically-polarized-laser-based magnetometer provides prospective futures for constructing a compact, low-cost AM, which is particularly applicable for non-invasive bio-magnetic imaging such as array-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetocardiography (MCG).

中文翻译：

---

用于三轴磁场测量的单束原子磁力计的高灵敏度操作

我们演示了一种单波束原子磁力计（AM），该磁力计能够通过施加较小的DC偏移场和高频调制场而具有高灵敏度地测量三轴磁场。为了满足AM的小型化需求，采用了从共振跃迁中心失谐了50 GHz的椭圆偏振光。圆偏振分量用于使碱金属原子极化，而线偏振光用于检测在磁场下的极化自旋的动力学。根据理论分析，参数显著影响性能最佳化，和20英尺/ Hz的灵敏度^1/2在X轴，25英尺/赫兹^1/2在ÿ -轴，30英尺/赫兹^1/2在ž轴与微型4×4×4mm的实现⁸⁷ RB蒸气室。此外，我们还验证了AM的工作原理可用于以6.7 pT的各向同性补偿分辨率原位消除背景磁场，这为将环境磁场归零提供了一种有效的精确方法。基于椭圆偏振激光的磁力计的高灵敏度操作为构建紧凑，低成本的AM提供了广阔的前景，这尤其适用于非侵入性生物磁成像，例如基于阵列的脑磁图（MEG）和心磁图（MCG）。