Abstract

The development of methods for the quantitative determination of carbon nanostructures (nanodiamonds, nanotubes, fullerenes, etc.) in various media is an urgent task of modern science about nanoparticles and nanomaterials, ecology and occupational health, medicine, experimental biology, and pharmacology. A large number of technical solutions are based on the introduction into the studied carbon nanostructures of various markers in the form of atoms of other elements, radioactive and isotopic inclusions, conjugation with biologically active structures, or on the introduction of other easily detectable labels. The use of a radioactive marker has a number of advantages. Herein are presented the development and testing of the method allowing one to obtain carbon nanostructures labeled with a radioactive isotope ⁷Be formed from nuclei ¹²C as a result of irradiation of the initial carbon structures with high-energy α-particles accelerated at the cyclotron. It is shown that, as a result of irradiation of samples of pure carbon with natural isotopic composition, an intense spectral line of γ-radiation with an energy of 478 keV appears in them, which corresponds to the isotope ⁷Be generated during a nuclear reaction of ¹²С (α,⁹Be)⁷Be. The sensitivity of modern, commercially available γ-spectrometers makes it possible to use radioactive labels with activities at the level of natural radioactivity in the human body and conduct experiments without danger to the health of personnel.

中文翻译：

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回旋加速器中加速的α粒子在碳纳米结构中形成放射性标记

摘要

在各种介质中定量测定碳纳米结构（纳米金刚石，纳米管，富勒烯等）的方法的开发是现代科学中有关纳米颗粒和纳米材料，生态和职业健康，医学，实验生物学和药理学的紧迫任务。大量的技术解决方案是基于将各种标记物的碳纳米结构引入其他元素的原子形式，放射性和同位素包裹体，与生物活性结构结合，或者基于引入其他易于检测的标记。放射性标记物的使用具有许多优点。本文介绍了该方法的开发和测试，该方法可以使人获得被放射性同位素标记的碳纳米结构⁷由于在回旋加速器处加速的高能α粒子辐照初始碳结构，因此由核¹² C形成。结果表明，通过对具有天然同位素组成的纯碳样品进行辐照，在其中出现了能量为478keV的γ辐射的强光谱线，这与核反应过程中产生的同位素⁷ Be相对应。的¹² С（α，⁹ BE）⁷可以。现代的，可商购的γ谱仪的灵敏度使其可以使用放射性标记物，该标记物具有在人体中天然放射性水平的活性，并且可以进行实验而不会危害人员的健康。