Structural deformation affects surface processes and the consequent distribution of tectonic stress and structural deformation patterns via crustal isostasy. The associated processes and mechanisms are widely concerned topics in tectonic geomorphology. In this study, we discuss the interaction between tectonic deformation and surface processes in fold‐and‐thrust belts by sandbox experimental modeling. The tectonic deformation patterns under different conditions are studied, including the occurrence of detachment and the different crustal shortening rates. Furthermore, we discussed the influence of surface erosion and sedimentation on the spatial distribution, morphology, amplitude and process of tectonic deformation. The results show that the occurrence of plastic detachment links the interaction of surface erosion and tectonics such as deformation patterns. Thin‐skinned structures develop when plastic detachment occurs, thus amplifying surface processes. In turn, the erosion and deposition affect the position and morphology of new structures as well as the lateral propagation and connection of isolated structures. Different shortening rates lead to different propagation distances and structure arrangements. These different tectonic conditions result in diverse drainage evolution and the specific processes of surface erosion and deposition. In general, structural development is controlled by both endogenic forces and surface erosion and deposition processes. The physical properties of detachments and crustal shortening rates play an important role in linking deep tectonic activity and surface processes. These results are comparable to natural examples, such as the fold‐and‐thrust belts along the Tianshan Mountains, thus providing new clues for understanding the mechanism of the interaction between endogenic tectonic activity and surface processes.

中文翻译：

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冲断带地表侵蚀对地壳缩短的响应及其对构造演化的影响：沙箱模拟对构造地貌的影响

结构变形会影响地表过程，进而通过地壳等静构造影响构造应力和结构变形模式的分布。相关的过程和机制是构造地貌学中广泛关注的主题。在这项研究中，我们通过沙箱实验模型讨论了褶皱冲断带构造变形与地表过程之间的相互作用。研究了不同条件下的构造变形模式，包括发生脱离和不同的地壳缩短速率。此外，我们讨论了地表侵蚀和沉积对构造变形的空间分布，形态，幅度和过程的影响。结果表明，塑性剥落的发生将表面侵蚀与诸如变形模式之类的构造相互作用。发生塑料分离时会形成薄皮结构，从而扩大了表面处理。反过来，侵蚀和沉积会影响新结构的位置和形态，以及孤立结构的横向传播和连接。不同的缩短率导致不同的传播距离和结构布置。这些不同的构造条件导致不同的排水演化以及表面侵蚀和沉积的特定过程。通常，结构的发展受内生力以及表面侵蚀和沉积过程的控制。沉积物的物理性质和地壳缩短速率在将深部构造活动与地表过程联系起来方面起着重要作用。这些结果可以与自然实例相媲美，例如沿天山的褶皱冲断带，从而为理解内生构造活动与地表过程相互作用的机理提供了新的线索。