Short, reliable, easily administered executive function (EF) assessment tools are needed to measure EF in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa given the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder. We administered Oxford Cognitive Screen—Executive Function (OCS-EF) to 932 rural South African females (mean age 19.7 years). OCS-EF includes seven tasks: two hot inhibition tasks (a modified Iowa Gambling Task, emotional go/no-go) and five cool EF tasks, two switching tasks (visuospatial rule-finding, geometric trails) and three working memory tasks (digit recall, selection and figure drawing). We performed confirmatory factor analysis testing whether a three-factor, two-factor hot-cool, two-factor working memory and inhibition/switching, or one-factor EF model fitted the data better. The three-factor (switching, inhibition and working memory) model had the best local and global fit (χ² (11) 24.21, p = 0.012; RMSEA 0.036; CFI 0.920; CD 0.617). We demonstrated the feasibility of OCS-EF administration by trained laypeople, the tripartite structure of EF amongst adolescent females and the factorial validity of OCS-EF in this population and context. OCS-EF tablet-based cognitive assessment tool can be administered by trained laypeople and is a valid tool for assessing cognition at scale amongst adolescents in rural South Africa and similar environments.

中文翻译：

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Oxford Cognitive Screen: Executive Function (OCS-EF) 的验证，这是一种基于平板电脑的执行功能评估工具，适用于南非农村的青少年女性

鉴于人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 相关神经认知障碍的流行，中低收入国家需要简短、可靠、易于管理的执行功能 (EF) 评估工具来衡量 EF，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲。我们对 932 名南非农村女性（平均年龄 19.7 岁）进行了牛津认知筛查 - 执行功能 (OCS-EF)。OCS-EF 包括七个任务：两个热抑制任务（修改后的爱荷华赌博任务，情绪化去/不去）和五个酷 EF 任务，两个转换任务（视觉空间规则寻找，几何轨迹）和三个工作记忆任务（数字回忆、选择和绘图）。我们进行了验证性因素分析测试是否三因素，二因素热冷，二因素工作记忆和抑制/转换，或单因子 EF 模型更好地拟合数据。三因素（转换、抑制和工作记忆）模型具有最佳的局部和全局拟合（χ² (11) 24.21，p  = 0.012；RMSEA 0.036；CFI 0.920；CD 0.617）。我们证明了由训练有素的外行人进行 OCS-EF 管理的可行性、青少年女性中 EF 的三方结构以及 OCS-EF 在该人群和背景下的因子有效性。OCS-EF 基于平板电脑的认知评估工具可由受过培训的外行人员管理，是一种有效的工具，可用于大规模评估南非农村和类似环境中青少年的认知能力。