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Identification of microstructure and chemical composition of a silver object from Shahrak-e Firouzeh, Nishapur, Iran (~2nd millennium BC)
Surfaces and Interfaces ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101168
Javad Tayyari , Mohammadamin Emami , Davoud Agha-Aligol

Nishapur is a historical city in the ancient Khorasan region, located in the northeast of Iran. Due to its location on the Silk Road, Nishapur enjoyed great economic prosperity and as a result contains many archaeological sites from prehistoric to post-Islamic periods. Shahrak-e Firouzeh is one such site, dating back to 2nd millennium BC, containing numerous metallic objects and metallurgic remains from silver refining by cupellation. This study investigates the manufacture of a unique silver lidded dish decorated with bas-relief mythological designs. Different techniques, including SEM-EDS, micro-PIXE, and Metallography were used to characterize the dish. Results obtained by micro-PIXE and SEM-EDS reveal the use of an intentional silver alloy containing about 92 wt.% silver and about 3.80 wt.% copper. Date also suggested the use of an advanced silver extraction process to obtain high purity silver. The presence of elements such as calcium were associated with exposure to the burial environment and the extraction process. Metallographic examination revealed that this extremely thin object was decorated with complex bas-relief designs which had been produced by cold working, and annealing based upon the presence of twin straight lines on some parts of the surface and the changing gradation in tiny grains and twin uneven lines on the raised parts.



中文翻译:

从伊朗尼沙普尔的Shahrak-e Firouzeh(约公元前2世纪)鉴定银物体的微观结构和化学成分

尼沙布尔(Nishapur)是位于伊朗东北部的古代霍拉桑(Hhorasan)地区的一座历史名城。由于位于丝绸之路,尼沙浦尔经济繁荣,因此拥有从史前到后伊斯兰时期的许多考古遗址。Shahrak-e Firouzeh就是这样的遗址之一,其历史可追溯至第二公元前千年,其中包含大量金属物体和通过杯状炮制银提炼而成的冶金残留物。这项研究调查了以浮雕神话设计装饰的独特的银盖盘子的制造。使用包括SEM-EDS,micro-PIXE和金相学在内的不同技术来表征培养皿。通过micro-PIXE和SEM-EDS获得的结果表明,使用了含有约92重量%的银和约3.80重量%的铜的有意的银合金。Date还建议使用先进的银提取工艺来获得高纯度的银。钙等元素的存在与埋葬环境和提取过程有关。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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