Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.

中文翻译：

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推进警察使用武力的研究和实践：紧迫的问题和前景

主要的警察学者和从业人员被要求思考在使用武力这一主题上需要解决的最紧迫的问题。他们的贡献产生了四个主题：使用武力和降级培训需要改进和评估；需要开发概念化使用武力遭遇和更好地使用武力反应模型的新方法；需要更充分地理解武力的不公平使用以及如何纠正偏见；需要查明和纠正对警察使用武力的误解。突出显示的主题可作为未来研究的议程。此类研究应更深入地了解警察何时、何地、为何使用武力，以及如何适当地使用武力。如果实施，