This work focuses on lessons about habitus violence can teach and on implications of habitus-based action for understanding violence. A habitus model of violence partially explains not only group differences but also individual and within-individual variation in violence participation. In this model, experience with violence provides persons with embodied institutional competences to respond with violence should they perceive a situation as calling for it. Because violent institutional practices, principles, and relations are not necessarily incorporated into habitus simultaneously—as they rely on different memory systems—the habitus concept can be dissected. A typology of habitus elements corresponding to different institutional elements is developed distinguishing behavioral templates, moral templates, and relational templates from one another. Habitus fragmentation allows cross-institutional transfer of habitus elements dependent on nondeclarative memory. The case of gender-based violence and political violence illustrates how habitus elements developed in one institutional environment can direct action in a different institutional context calling for taking gender seriously in politics on theoretical grounds. As an embodied structure produced by involvement in multiple institutional domains and comprising transferable embodied institutional competences, habitus is a mechanism linking the so-called ‘private’ spheres of family and gender relations and the ‘public’ sphere of politics.

中文翻译：

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制度化的行为、道德和统治：暴力行为模式的习惯

这项工作的重点是关于习性暴力可以教授的课程以及基于习性的行动对理解暴力的影响。暴力习惯模型不仅部分解释了群体差异，还部分解释了暴力参与的个体和个体内部差异。在这个模型中，暴力经历为人们提供了具体的制度能力，当他们认为情况需要暴力时，他们可以用暴力做出反应。因为暴力的制度实践、原则和关系不一定同时纳入惯习——因为它们依赖于不同的记忆系统——所以可以剖析惯习概念。开发了一种对应于不同制度要素的惯习要素类型学，以区分行为模板、道德模板和相互关联的模板。习惯碎片化允许依赖于非陈述性记忆的习惯元素的跨机构转移。基于性别的暴力和政治暴力的案例说明了在一个制度环境中形成的惯习要素如何能够在不同的制度背景下指导行动，要求在理论基础上认真对待政治中的性别问题。作为一种通过参与多个制度领域而产生的具身结构，并包含可转移的具身机构能力，惯习是一种将家庭和性别关系的所谓“私人”领域与政治的“公共”领域联系起来的机制。