Yttrium (Y) is an engineering material used in refinement, and the physical properties of Y₂O₃ nanomaterials play key roles in thermal-effect of refinement. In this study, the experimental thermal-efficiencies induced by dimension of Y₂O₃ nanomaterials and their influence on microstructures and tensile performances of graded stainless steel coatings were investigated. To this end, 16Cr2NiSiMo stainless steel coatings were fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) technology in the presence of small amounts (<1 wt%) of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles (diameter 30–50 nm) and Y₂O₃ nanosheets (thickness 20–30 nm) without additional heat-treatment. Compared to Y₂O₃ nanosheets-modified coatings, more decline in the interlayer heat-affected zone, dendritic solidification microstructure, pore, microcrack, and taenite phase were all observed for coatings prepared in the presence of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. The reason for this difference had to do with the dimension of Y₂O₃ nanomaterial, which directly influenced the dissociation of Y³⁺ ions in dendrites by decreasing the melting point of the material and transition temperature of the metastable eutectic. As a result, Y₂O₃ nanoparticles promoted the hardness and tensile properties of the coatings, while Y₂O₃ nanosheets increased microcracks and pores but declined the tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the sample prepared by adding 0.75 wt% Y₂O₃ nanoparticles enhanced by 17% and 47.9%, respectively.

钇（Y）是一种用于精炼的工程材料，Y ₂ O ₃纳米材料的物理性质在精炼的热效应中起着关键作用。本研究研究了由Y ₂ O ₃纳米材料的尺寸引起的实验热效率及其对梯度不锈钢涂层的组织和拉伸性能的影响。为此，在少量（<1 wt％）Y ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒（直径30–50 nm）和Y ₂ O ₃存在下，通过激光金属沉积（LMD）技术制备了16Cr2NiSiMo不锈钢涂层。纳米片（厚度20–30 nm）而无需额外的热处理。与Y ₂ O ₃纳米片改性的涂层相比，对于在Y ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒存在下制备的涂层，层间热影响区，树枝状凝固微结构，孔，微裂纹和钙钛矿相的下降都更大。这种差异的原因与Y ₂ O ₃纳米材料的尺寸有关，它通过降低材料的熔点和亚稳共晶的转变温度直接影响树枝状晶体中Y ³⁺离子的离解。结果，Y ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒提高了涂层的硬度和拉伸性能，而Y ₂ O ₃纳米片增加了微裂纹和孔，但降低了拉伸性能。通过添加0.75wt％的Y ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒制备的样品的极限拉伸强度和伸长率分别提高了17％和47.9％。