The environmental impact of traditional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete is a significant problem that requires urgent solutions in the construction industry. The development of geopolymer concrete is one of the most significant breakthroughs in the process of replacing OPC concrete. Through comprehensive experimental and numerical analyses, this study investigates the structural behaviours of large-scale steel reinforced geopolymer concrete beams (GCBs) made from low-calcium fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Firstly, small-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of water/binder and activator/binder ratios on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (e.g. elastic modulus, compressive strength, direct tensile strength). The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete increases with increasing the activator/binder ratio and decreasing the water/binder ratio. Secondly, three groups of GCBs with different steel reinforcement ratios (D1-0.41%, D2-0.75%, and D3-1.5%) were made and four-point bending tests were conducted. The same mix proportion (water/binder of 0.45 and activator/binder of 0.08) with the compressive strength of 39.1 MPa, elastic modulus of 32.0 GPa, and the direct tensile strength of 3.06 MPa, was used for the three groups. The obtained moment–curvature results, which consists of three distinct stages (linear elastic, tension cracking of GCBs, and steel yielding), show that the three groups (D1-D3) behave in a ductile manner. Moreover, the moment capacity of GCBs increases when the steel reinforcement ratio increases (D1-21.5 kNm, D2-44.2 kNm and D3-83.6 kNm). Finally, nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis based on the damage plasticity constitutive law was developed to capture and validate the structural behaviour of GCBs from the experiments. Numerical results indicate that the developed FE models accurately capture the structural behaviours (moment–curvature and cracking behaviour) of GCBs. The discrepancies between the numerical and experimental moment–curvature results are from 1 to 5% for the tensional cracking and yielding points. Therefore, the developed FE models can be used as an effective tool for the further development and design of geopolymer concrete structures.

传统的普通波特兰水泥（OPC）混凝土对环境的影响是一个重大问题，需要在建筑行业中紧急解决。地质聚合物混凝土的发展是替代OPC混凝土过程中最重大的突破之一。通过全面的实验和数值分析，本研究研究了由低钙粉煤灰和高炉矿渣制成的大型钢骨增强地聚合物混凝土梁（GCB）的结构性能。首先，进行了小规模的实验，以研究水/粘合剂和活化剂/粘合剂的比例对地质聚合物混凝土的机械性能（例如弹性模量，抗压强度，直接拉伸强度）的影响。实验结果表明，随着活化剂/粘结剂比的增加和水/粘结剂比的降低，地聚合物的力学性能提高。其次，制作了三组具有不同钢筋比例（D1-0.41％，D2-0.75％和D3-1.5％）的GCB，并进行了四点弯曲试验。三组使用相同的混合比例（水/粘合剂为0.45，活化剂/粘合剂为0.08），抗压强度为39.1 MPa，弹性模量为32.0 GPa，直接拉伸强度为3.06 MPa。所获得的弯矩曲率结果包括三个不同的阶段（线性弹性，GCB的拉伸裂纹和钢屈服），表明这三个组（D1-D3）表现出延性。而且，当钢的增强比率（D1-21.5 kNm，D2-44.2 kNm和D3-83.6 kNm）增加时，GCB的弯矩能力也会增加。最后，建立了基于损伤可塑性本构律的非线性三维有限元分析，以捕获和验证实验中GCB的结构行为。数值结果表明，所开发的有限元模型能够准确地捕获GCB的结构行为（弯矩-曲率和开裂行为）。拉伸裂纹和屈服点的数值与实验弯矩曲率结果之间的差异为1％至5％。因此，所开发的有限元模型可以作为进一步开发和设计地质聚合物混凝土结构的有效工具。建立了基于损伤可塑性本构律的三维有限元（FE）分析方法，以捕获和验证实验中GCB的结构行为。数值结果表明，所开发的有限元模型能够准确地捕获GCB的结构行为（弯矩-曲率和开裂行为）。拉伸裂纹和屈服点的数值与实验弯矩曲率结果之间的差异为1％至5％。因此，所开发的有限元模型可以作为进一步开发和设计地质聚合物混凝土结构的有效工具。建立了基于损伤可塑性本构律的三维有限元分析，以捕获和验证实验中GCB的结构行为。数值结果表明，所开发的有限元模型能够准确地捕获GCB的结构行为（弯矩-曲率和开裂行为）。拉伸裂纹和屈服点的数值与实验弯矩曲率结果之间的差异为1％至5％。因此，所开发的有限元模型可以作为进一步开发和设计地质聚合物混凝土结构的有效工具。数值结果表明，所开发的有限元模型能够准确地捕获GCB的结构行为（弯矩-曲率和开裂行为）。拉伸裂纹和屈服点的数值与实验弯矩曲率结果之间的差异为1％至5％。因此，所开发的有限元模型可以作为进一步开发和设计地质聚合物混凝土结构的有效工具。数值结果表明，所开发的有限元模型能够准确地捕获GCB的结构行为（弯矩-曲率和开裂行为）。拉伸裂纹和屈服点的数值与实验弯矩曲率结果之间的差异为1％至5％。因此，所开发的有限元模型可以作为进一步开发和设计地质聚合物混凝土结构的有效工具。