In this study, cyclic triaxial tests and centrifuge tests using silty sands were simulated in OpenSees to investigate the effect of fines on the liquefaction potential of saturated silty sands. Choice of proper density index was found to be extremely important for characterizing the liquefaction potential of silty sand, as different conclusions can be derived if we use different density indices for comparing experimental results. Laboratory results reported by past researchers were found to be mutually contradictory, but such contradictions were resolved by using a proper desity index. Laboratory investigations were commonly conducted by keeping relative density or void ratio fixed to study the effect of fines on liquefaction potential. However, it was found that a unique relation between cyclic stress ratio, number of loading cycles required for triggering liquefaction, and equivalent granular void ratio (e*) can be established for silty sand with fines content less than thethreshold fines content. Furthermore, finite element method, using an advanced constitutive model with calibrated parameters, was found to be effective in simulating the dynamic responses of silty sand but it significantly underestimated the settlement of free field due to liquefaction. Moreover, parametric studies showed that the cyclic resistance of silty sand can be unified by the equivalent granular void ratio.

在这项研究中，在OpenSees中模拟了使用粉砂的循环三轴试验和离心试验，以研究细粉对饱和粉砂液化潜力的影响。发现合适的密度指数的选择对于表征粉质砂的液化潜力极为重要，因为如果我们使用不同的密度指数来比较实验结果，则可以得出不同的结论。过去的研究人员报告的实验室结果被发现是相互矛盾的，但是通过使用适当的自然指数解决了这些矛盾。通常通过保持相对密度或空隙率固定来进行实验室研究，以研究细粉对液化潜力的影响。但是，发现循环应力比之间的唯一关系，可以为粉尘含量小于阈值粉尘含量的粉质砂建立e *）。此外，发现有限元方法，使用带有标定参数的高级本构模型，可以有效地模拟粉质砂土的动力响应，但是它大大低估了液化引起的自由场沉降。此外，参数研究表明，粉砂的循环阻力可以通过等效的颗粒空隙率来统一。