New Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) are changing the way in which the world works. These technologies provide new tools to face the issues of contemporary society (poverty, migrations, sustainable development challenges, governance, etc.). Among them, blockchain emerge as a disruptive technology able to make things in a completely different and innovative way. They can provide solutions where before there were none. Recently, these technologies have become subject of intense research and development by industry and academia. In consequence, a large amount of interesting works is published in many areas, proposing solutions, services, frameworks and applications based on these technologies. The research focusing on the previous challenges are especially interesting in current society. However, the proposals arrive at higher speed than society can assimilate them, and sometimes they are not properly exploited. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the blockchain technology to identify what are its key attributes that enable to successfully address the social challenges. The review has been conducted from three point of views: service-delivery, resource-management and city-administration, and has been focused on the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, in order to cover the full agenda of current social issues. The contributions of this work are an exhaustive compilation of the existing research on blockchain technology to tackle the social challenges from several angles, and the identification of the key features and the conditioning factors of the practical applicability of the technology.

新的信息和通信技术（ICT）正在改变世界的运作方式。这些技术提供了面对当代社会（贫困，移民，可持续发展挑战，治理等）问题的新工具。其中，区块链作为一种破坏性技术出现，能够以完全不同的创新方式制造事物。他们可以提供前所未有的解决方案。近来，这些技术已经成为工业界和学术界的密集研究和开发的主题。因此，在许多领域发表了大量有趣的著作，提出了基于这些技术的解决方案，服务，框架和应用程序。在当前社会中，针对先前挑战的研究尤为有趣。然而，提案的提出速度超过了社会所能接受的速度，有时还没有得到适当的利用。因此，本文提供了对区块链技术的全面概述，以识别其能够成功解决社会挑战的关键属性。审查从三种角度进行：服务提供，资源管理和城市管理，并着重于联合国的可持续发展目标，以涵盖当前社会问题的全部议程。这项工作的贡献是对现有区块链技术研究的详尽汇编，从多个角度解决了社会挑战，并确定了该技术的实际应用的关键特征和条件因素。