Background: The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a matter of global concern due to the exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates. The outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria acts as a highly efficient barrier and blocks the entry of the majority of antibiotics, making them ineffective. The Bam complex, β-barrel assembly machinery complex, contains five subunits (BamA, B, C, D, E), which plays a vital role in folding and inserting essential outer membrane proteins into the membrane, thus maintaining outer membrane integrity. BamA and BamD are essential subunits to fulfill this purpose. Therefore, targeting this complex to treat antibiotic resistance can be an incredibly effective approach. Natural bacterial pigments like violacein, phytochemicals like withanone, semasin, and several polyphenols have often been reported for their effective antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-carcinogenic properties.

背景：由于异常高的发病率和死亡率，细菌对抗生素耐药性的发展已成为全球关注的问题。大多数革兰氏阴性细菌的外膜可作为高效屏障，并阻止大多数抗生素的进入，从而使其无效。Bam复合物（β-桶装配机械复合物）包含五个亚基（BamA，B，C，D，E），在将必需的外膜蛋白折叠和插入膜中从而维持外膜完整性方面起着至关重要的作用。BamA和BamD是实现此目的必不可少的亚基。因此，靶向这种复合物治疗抗生素耐药性可能是一种非常有效的方法。天然细菌色素（例如紫丁香素），植物化学物质（如甲南酮），semasin，